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Pediatrics > BRS- Health Supervision > Flashcards

BRS- Health Supervision Flashcards

1
Q

What screening tests are done at 4 years of age?

A

BP

Hearing & Vision

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2
Q

Until what age should height/weight/head circumference be measures?

A

2 years

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3
Q

When is FTT a major health concern?

A

When crossing 2 major percentile isobars on NHS charts

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4
Q

What measurement is most effected by FTT?

A

Weight more than height/ head circumference

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5
Q

When should babies regain, double, and triple birth weights?

A

regain: by two weeks
double: 4-6 months
triple: 12 months

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6
Q

How much weight per year should kids gain from age 2 through adolescence?

A

2.3 kg/year ~ 5 pounds

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7
Q

When should babies increase birth height by 50%, double, and triple?

A

50%: 12 months

double: 4 years
triple: 13 years

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8
Q

MCC failure to thrive?

A

inorganic: disturbed parent child bond –> poor caloric intake

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9
Q

When is head/ brain growth complete?

A

75% by age 1, complete by age 2

*Brain growth 90% by age 2, 100% by age 5

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10
Q

Define cephalohematoma

A

subperiosteal hemorrhage after traumatic delivery

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11
Q

Expected head growth during first two months of life?

A

0.5 cm per week

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12
Q

Expected head growth between 2-6 months of life:

A

0.25 cm per week

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13
Q

Expected head growth by 12 months of age

A

12 cm since birth

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14
Q

When is “acquired” microcephaly acquired?

A

third trimester, perinatal period, year 1 of life

therefore third trimester infection does not = CONGENITAL microcephaly cause, would be “acquired”.

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15
Q

What are potential effects of microcephaly?

A
  • CP

- seziures

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16
Q

What are risk factors for craniosynostosis?

A

intrauterine crowding
hyperthyroid
hypothyroid

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17
Q

GI causes of FTT: (8)

A
  • craniofacial
  • TE fistula
  • GERD
  • obstruction
  • diarrhea
  • IBD
  • Celiac
  • CF
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18
Q

2 Pulmonary related causes of FTT?

2 Heme Onc?

A
  • CF, BPD

- malignancy, anemia

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19
Q

4 renal related causes of FTT?

A
  • recurrent UTI
  • RTA
  • Chronic RF
  • Fanconi
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20
Q

Congenital causes of FTT?

A

FAS

Metabolic Syndromes

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21
Q

3 Neuro Causes of FTT

A

-Tumors, hydrocephalus, decreased tone/ weakness

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22
Q

Immune/ ID Causes of FTT (4):

A

TB, HIV, Hepatitis, Immunocompromised states

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23
Q

2 Endocrine Causes of FTT:

1 Toxin related Cause of FTT:

A
  • Hypothyroid, Ricketts

- Lead

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24
Q

What head shape is assc with premature closure of each of the following sutures?

  • sagittal
  • coronal
  • metopic
A
  • saggital: scaphocepahly
  • coronal: brachycehpaly
  • metopic: trigonocephaly
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25
Q

Management of craniosynostosis

A

surgical

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26
Q

Define plagiocehpaly:

+ possible assc condition

A

abnormal head shape not caused by premature suture closure

-may be assc with torticollis

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27
Q

Potential causes of macrocephaly (6):

A
  • familial
  • overgrowth syndromes
  • metabolic d/o
  • NF
  • achondroplasia
  • hydrocephalus/ tumors
28
Q

List (live) vaccines that may be given to children

A

Live MOVIs

  • MMR
  • OPV
  • Varicella
  • Influenza
29
Q

List three examples of passive immunization

A

-preformed antibodies

VZIG, HBIG, HAIG

30
Q

Hep B:

  • vaccine type
  • when given
A
  • recombinant

- three shots in first year of life

31
Q

DTaP:

  • vaccine type
  • when given
A

-purified, acellular
-2,4,6 months, boosters at 12-18 mo’s and 4-6 years
(5 total vaccines)

32
Q

dT:

  • vaccine type
  • when given
A

-toxoid, 1/10th dose in DTaP

11-12 then every 10 years

33
Q

Advantage to live OPV vaccine

A

induces secondary immunity, by can cause vaccine related polio

*Not given in US

34
Q

When is IPV given? (inactivated polio vaccine)

A

2, 4 months plus 2 boosters at 6-18 mos and 4-6 mos

4 total vaccines

35
Q

HiB vaccine type + timing

A

-conjugate ( to diphtheria or tetanus toxoid)
-2,4,6/12 months + 12-15 mo booster if at 6 months
(3-4 total vaccine)

36
Q

MMR:

  • vaccine type
  • timing
A

live

-12-15 months plus booster at 4-6 or 11-12 years

37
Q

Measles, Mumps, Rubella sequelae:

A

measles: pneumonia
mumps: parotitis, meningoencephalitis, orchitis
rubella: birth defects

38
Q

Varicella:

  • vaccine type
  • timing
A
  • live

- one at 12-18 months

39
Q

Hep A vaccine type + timing

A

inactivated

2+ years of age if at risk

40
Q

Contrast Pneumovax and Prevnar

A

Pneumoax: 23 subtypes, not safe before 2 years
Prevnar: 7 subtypes, sage before 2 years

41
Q

When is prevnar given to babies?

A

2,4,6 months + booster at 12-5 (4)

42
Q

Which vaccines are given a total of:

  • 1 time
  • 2 times
  • 3-4 times
  • 4 times
  • 5 times
A
  • 1: varicella
  • 2: MMR
  • 3-4: HiB
  • 4: prevnar, IPV
  • 5: DTaP
43
Q

Which vaccine has been noted to cause seizures in case of severe reaction?

A

DTaP

44
Q

What two tests are used to screen newborn hearing?

A

BAER: brainstem auditory evoked response
EOE: Evoked otoacoustic emission

45
Q

What metabolic conditions are tested for in most states?

A

PKU, hypothyroid, galactosemia

46
Q

What is peak timing of IDA?

What specific dietary risk is assc with IDA?

A

9-15 months, high risk with introduction of cows milk before 12 months

47
Q

When is Hb screened, universally?

A

9-15 months, 4-6 years

48
Q

What age group is most susceptible to lead poisoning?

A

less than 6 years

49
Q

In what areas should all children be screened for lead poisoning?

A

In areas where prevalence is 12+%

50
Q

What term describes inability to retract foreskin? Return foreskin?

A

phimosis, paraphimosis

51
Q

Define balantitis? What bugs are commonly indicated?

A

infection of glans

candidiasis, gram negative

52
Q

Range of time for initial tooth eruption + most commonly seen first tooth?

A

3-16 months (average 6)

lower central incisor

53
Q

Causes of delayed tooth eruption beyond 16 months

A

familial
hypothyroid/ pituitary
downs
ectodermal dysplasia

54
Q

Effects of excess fluoride?

A

cosmetic, white streaks/ grey staining esp between ages 2-4

55
Q

Management of natal/ neonatal teeth

A

only remove if hypermobile to decrease aspiration risk

56
Q

1 risk for dental caries in babies/ toddler + most common assc bug

A

sleeping with nipple in mouth

strep mutans q

57
Q

How to preserve avulsed tooth

A

store in milk

58
Q

How many x/day should newborns be fed?

A

8-12

59
Q

When is honey safe for baby?

A

after age 1, same for whole milk

60
Q

When do babies usually sleep through night + become able to eat solids?

A

6 months

61
Q

What foods should be avoided before age 1?

A 
egg whites
fish 
citrus 
chocolate 
nuts 
wheat
62
Q

When should baby drink from cup?

A

9 months

63
Q

When should separation anxiety begin?

A

9 months

64
Q

When should toilet training begin?

A

18 months

65
Q

When are night terrors common?

A

18-24 months

66
Q

When are the following expected?

  • sharing
  • parallel play
  • imagination
  • gender roles
A
  • sharing: 3
  • parallel: 2 years
  • imagination, gender: 4
67
Q

How much sleep is needed by a 5 year old?

A

10-12 hours

Pediatrics (12 decks)

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