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Pediatrics > BRS-Behavioral > Flashcards

BRS-Behavioral Flashcards

1
Q

Four domains of development

A

Motor
Language
Psychosocial
Problem Solving

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2
Q

Developmental quotient equation + normal value

A

developmental age/ chronological age x 100

normal = 85+

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3
Q

Infants with CNS injury have stronger _____ but delayed _____

A

primitive reflexes; postural reactions

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4
Q

Birth:
gross motor
fine motor
language

abilities

A

turns head
fists hands
attenuates to voice

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5
Q

When is moro reflex present? hand grasp? rooting?

A

all start at birth
moro: to 4 months
hand grasp: to 1-3 months
rooting: to 6 months

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6
Q

When is atonic neck reflex present?

A

2-4 weeks –> 6 months

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7
Q

3-4
4-5
6-7
fine motor milestones

A

3-4: hands to midline
4-5: reaches
6-7 transfers object

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8
Q

9, 12 month fine motor milestones

A

immature, mature pincer

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9
Q

mature vs immature pincer

A

thumb and finger vs finger TIP

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10
Q

When should hand dominance be present?

A

18 months

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11
Q

Which developmental domain is most commonly delayed and is also the best predictor of intelligence

A

language

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12
Q

Optimal language acquisition occurs during

A

first two years of life

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13
Q

3,6,9 month speech abilities

A

3- cooing (vowels)
6- babbling (vowels + consonants)
9- jargoning

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14
Q

12,18 month words

A

12: 1-3
18: 20-50 + 2 word phrases

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15
Q

2,3 year language milestones

A

2 word –> 3 word sentences

half understood –> 75% understood

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16
Q

What are the three speech development phases

A

prespeech: 0-10
naming 10-18
word combination 18-24

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17
Q

When is the sensorimotor period of cognitive development?

A

birth to two

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18
Q

When does functional play begin?

A

1 year

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19
Q

When does imaginative play begin?

A

24-30 months

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20
Q

When are concrete and abstract thinking present?

A

concrete- elementary

abstract- adolescent

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21
Q

When is magical thinking seen?

A

preschool, toddler years

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22
Q

Cause of language + problem solving delay

A

retardation

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23
Q

Cause of language delay

A

hearing vs communication disorder

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24
Q

Cause of isolated problem solving delay

A

fine motor vs visual impairment

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25
Q

Discrepencies between what two domains put child at risk of learning disorder?

A

language and problem solving

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26
Q

When does sense of “self” appear

A

15 months

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27
Q

When does parallel play occur? when does sharing emerge?

A

2- parallel

3- sharing

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28
Q

Maternal risk factors for CP (2)

A

multiple gestation

PTL

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29
Q

Prenatal risk factors for CP (3)

A

IUGR
malformations
infection

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30
Q

Perinatal risk factors for CP (3)

A

prolonged/ traumatic delivery
low Apgars
early or late delivery

31
Q

Four postnatal risk factors for CP

A

hypoxia/ischemia
IVH
trauma
kernicterus

32
Q

CP involving lower extremities

A

spastic diplegia

33
Q

CP involving unilateral extremities

A

spastic hemiplegia

34
Q

CP involving all four limbs

A

spastic quadriplegia

35
Q

CP causing athetoid movements + cause

A

Extrapyramidal (nonspastic) CP

kernicterus vs hypoxia/ischemia

36
Q

“scissoring” is seen in which CP type?

A

spastic diplegia

37
Q

Mental retardation must be manifested before ____

A

18

38
Q

mild, mod, severe, profound IQ

A

mild: below 70
moderate: below 55
severe: below 40
profound: below 25

39
Q

Acquired insults that may cause MR (3)

A

infection
head trauma
near drowning

40
Q

Prototypical Pervasive developmental disorder

A

Autism

41
Q

PDD must effect ___________

A

multiple areas of development

42
Q

Autism is common in what age and sex?

A

boys below three

43
Q

ADHD is more common in what sex?

What is a risk factor?

A

male; family history (30-50% have first degree relative)

44
Q

ADHD must onset before age _____ in _____ settings

A

7; multiple settings

45
Q

Three key symptoms of ADHD

A
  • hyperactivity
  • inattention
  • impulsivity
46
Q

Stimulants increase levels of __________ in ADHD treatment.

A

NE, DOPA

47
Q

DOC for ADHD in patients with tics

A

clonidine

48
Q

Effect of stimulants on stature

A

decrease growth velocity but not ultimate stature

49
Q

Transient tics occur in ______% of kids treated with stimulants

A

9%

50
Q

80% of deafness is genetic and has what inheritance pattern?

A

AR

51
Q

Three labs to order in case of deafness

A
  • genetic eval
  • creatinine level
  • viral serologies
52
Q

Primary cause of blindness worldwide

A

trachoma infection

53
Q

Feeling someones face to form an image of them is called?

A

haptic perception

54
Q

Colic definition

A

more than 3 hours of crying at least 3 days a week

55
Q

When does colic usually resolve?

A

3-4 months

56
Q

Enuresis classification

A

nocturnal vs diurnal

primary vs secondary

57
Q

% of kids wetting the bed at 4,5,6

A

4: 30%
5: 15%
6: 10%

58
Q

Gene assc with nocturnal enuresis

A

chromosome 13, paternal

59
Q

Three etiologic factors/organic causes of enuresis

A
  • UTI
  • DM
  • Child Abuse
60
Q

How long must alarm be used to treat bed wetting?

A

3-5 months

61
Q

Two drugs for encopresis

A

DDAVP

TCAS (imipramine)

62
Q

Risk assc with use of imipramine

A

cardiac dysrhythmia

63
Q

When do most infants begin sleeping through the night?

A

after 3 months

64
Q

Trained night waking occurs when?

A

4-8 months, kid requires parental intervention

65
Q

Nightmares occur during ____ sleep.

Night terrors occur during _____ sleep.

A

Nightmares: REM (recall)

Night Terrors: N4 (no recall)

66
Q

Major cause of eating troubles in toddlers

A

power struggles

67
Q

Temper tantrum age groups

A

1-3 years

68
Q

What kids are more likely to have tantrums

A

poor fine motor skills/ language delay

69
Q

When does breath holding occur?

A

6-18 months

70
Q

Cyanotic spells:
provoked or unprovoked?

Pallid spells?

A

cyanotic: provoked
pallid: unexpected

71
Q

What has been shown to help some patients with apneic spells?

A

iron

72
Q

Range of normal bowel control?

bladder?

A

16-48 months bowel

18-69 bladder

73
Q

Pre-reqs for potty training

A
  • understand words
  • prefer dry
  • recognize bladder fullness

Pediatrics (12 decks)

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