BRS-Behavioral Flashcards
Four domains of development
Motor
Language
Psychosocial
Problem Solving
Developmental quotient equation + normal value
developmental age/ chronological age x 100
normal = 85+
Infants with CNS injury have stronger _____ but delayed _____
primitive reflexes; postural reactions
Birth:
gross motor
fine motor
language
abilities
turns head
fists hands
attenuates to voice
When is moro reflex present? hand grasp? rooting?
all start at birth
moro: to 4 months
hand grasp: to 1-3 months
rooting: to 6 months
When is atonic neck reflex present?
2-4 weeks –> 6 months
3-4
4-5
6-7
fine motor milestones
3-4: hands to midline
4-5: reaches
6-7 transfers object
9, 12 month fine motor milestones
immature, mature pincer
mature vs immature pincer
thumb and finger vs finger TIP
When should hand dominance be present?
18 months
Which developmental domain is most commonly delayed and is also the best predictor of intelligence
language
Optimal language acquisition occurs during
first two years of life
3,6,9 month speech abilities
3- cooing (vowels)
6- babbling (vowels + consonants)
9- jargoning
12,18 month words
12: 1-3
18: 20-50 + 2 word phrases
2,3 year language milestones
2 word –> 3 word sentences
half understood –> 75% understood
What are the three speech development phases
prespeech: 0-10
naming 10-18
word combination 18-24
When is the sensorimotor period of cognitive development?
birth to two
When does functional play begin?
1 year
When does imaginative play begin?
24-30 months
When are concrete and abstract thinking present?
concrete- elementary
abstract- adolescent
When is magical thinking seen?
preschool, toddler years
Cause of language + problem solving delay
retardation
Cause of language delay
hearing vs communication disorder
Cause of isolated problem solving delay
fine motor vs visual impairment
Discrepencies between what two domains put child at risk of learning disorder?
language and problem solving
When does sense of “self” appear
15 months
When does parallel play occur? when does sharing emerge?
2- parallel
3- sharing
Maternal risk factors for CP (2)
multiple gestation
PTL
Prenatal risk factors for CP (3)
IUGR
malformations
infection
Perinatal risk factors for CP (3)
prolonged/ traumatic delivery
low Apgars
early or late delivery
Four postnatal risk factors for CP
hypoxia/ischemia
IVH
trauma
kernicterus
CP involving lower extremities
spastic diplegia
CP involving unilateral extremities
spastic hemiplegia
CP involving all four limbs
spastic quadriplegia
CP causing athetoid movements + cause
Extrapyramidal (nonspastic) CP
kernicterus vs hypoxia/ischemia
“scissoring” is seen in which CP type?
spastic diplegia
Mental retardation must be manifested before ____
18
mild, mod, severe, profound IQ
mild: below 70
moderate: below 55
severe: below 40
profound: below 25
Acquired insults that may cause MR (3)
infection
head trauma
near drowning
Prototypical Pervasive developmental disorder
Autism
PDD must effect ___________
multiple areas of development
Autism is common in what age and sex?
boys below three
ADHD is more common in what sex?
What is a risk factor?
male; family history (30-50% have first degree relative)
ADHD must onset before age _____ in _____ settings
7; multiple settings
Three key symptoms of ADHD
- hyperactivity
- inattention
- impulsivity
Stimulants increase levels of __________ in ADHD treatment.
NE, DOPA
DOC for ADHD in patients with tics
clonidine
Effect of stimulants on stature
decrease growth velocity but not ultimate stature
Transient tics occur in ______% of kids treated with stimulants
9%
80% of deafness is genetic and has what inheritance pattern?
AR
Three labs to order in case of deafness
- genetic eval
- creatinine level
- viral serologies
Primary cause of blindness worldwide
trachoma infection
Feeling someones face to form an image of them is called?
haptic perception
Colic definition
more than 3 hours of crying at least 3 days a week
When does colic usually resolve?
3-4 months
Enuresis classification
nocturnal vs diurnal
primary vs secondary
% of kids wetting the bed at 4,5,6
4: 30%
5: 15%
6: 10%
Gene assc with nocturnal enuresis
chromosome 13, paternal
Three etiologic factors/organic causes of enuresis
- UTI
- DM
- Child Abuse
How long must alarm be used to treat bed wetting?
3-5 months
Two drugs for encopresis
DDAVP
TCAS (imipramine)
Risk assc with use of imipramine
cardiac dysrhythmia
When do most infants begin sleeping through the night?
after 3 months
Trained night waking occurs when?
4-8 months, kid requires parental intervention
Nightmares occur during ____ sleep.
Night terrors occur during _____ sleep.
Nightmares: REM (recall)
Night Terrors: N4 (no recall)
Major cause of eating troubles in toddlers
power struggles
Temper tantrum age groups
1-3 years
What kids are more likely to have tantrums
poor fine motor skills/ language delay
When does breath holding occur?
6-18 months
Cyanotic spells:
provoked or unprovoked?
Pallid spells?
cyanotic: provoked
pallid: unexpected
What has been shown to help some patients with apneic spells?
iron
Range of normal bowel control?
bladder?
16-48 months bowel
18-69 bladder
Pre-reqs for potty training
- understand words
- prefer dry
- recognize bladder fullness