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Kinesiology > brooklyn > Flashcards

brooklyn Flashcards

memorize terms

1
Q

dorsal

A

towards the back

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2
Q

ventral

A

towards the abdomen

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3
Q

caudal

A

below in relation to another structure

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4
Q

volar

A

relating to the palm

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5
Q

dorsum

A

superior surface of anterior object

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6
Q

prone

A

face down position

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7
Q

supine

A

face up position

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8
Q

ipsilateral

A

same side

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9
Q

acquired

A

not present at birth

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10
Q

congenital

A

present at birth

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11
Q

hypertrophy

A

increased growth

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12
Q

atrophy

A

decreased growth

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13
Q

contracture

A

abnormal permanent shortening of muscle

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14
Q

cubitus

A

elbow

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15
Q

coxa

A

hip

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16
Q

genu

A

knee

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17
Q

pes

A

foot

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18
Q

pollux

A

thumb

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19
Q

hallux

A

big toe

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20
Q

recurvatum

A

reverse/backwards curve

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21
Q

varum/varus

A

red knight. distal end is more medial

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22
Q

valgum/valgus

A

distal end is more lateral

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23
Q

etiology

A

the cause of

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24
Q

idiopathic

A

cause is unknown

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25
Q

reverence curve

A

convex

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26
Q

reference segment

A

distal

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27
Q

angular/rotary motion

A

around a fixed point or axis

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28
Q

linear/translatory motion

A

motion along a line from one location to another

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29
Q

ginglymus

A

humeroulnar

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30
Q

condyloidal

A

radiocarpal

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31
Q

trochoidal

A

tibiofemoral

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32
Q

enarthrodial

A

glenohumeral

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33
Q

sellar

A

sternoclavicular

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34
Q

arthrodial

A

vertebral articulating

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35
Q

synarthrodial joint

A

immovable

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36
Q

diarthrodial/synovial joint

A

freely movable (ginglymus etc.)

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37
Q

circumduction

A

circular movement

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38
Q

supination

A

external rotation. palm turns up

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39
Q

pronation

A

internal rotation. palm turns down

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40
Q

pelvic tilt

A

indicated side (anterior/posterior/lateral) tilts down

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41
Q

plantarflexion

A

extension of ankle

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42
Q

dorsiflexion

A

flexion of ankle

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43
Q

osteokinematic movement

A

section moves thru plane about an axis

44
Q

arthrokinematic movement

A

movement at the articular surfaces of the joint

45
Q

spin arthrokinematics

A

a single point on one surface rotates on a single point of another surface

46
Q

roll arthrokinematics

A

a series of point on one surface contacts with a series of points on another surface.

always in the direction of the moving segment

47
Q

Glide/Slide arthrokinematics

A

a specific point on one surface contacts with a series of points on another surface

sAme direction if concAve is moving
opposite direction if convex is moving

48
Q

closed pack position

A

joint is most congruent, taut, and allows for no movement
tests for stability and integrity.
joint is usually injured in this position

49
Q

open pack position

A

least congruent, joint is loose and lax

Here, roll, glide/slide and spin occur.

50
Q

For Sure FaceTime Relief Society

A

Fusiform, Strap, Flat, Triangular, Rhomboidal, Sphincter

51
Q

Types of pennate arrangements

A

Unipennate, Bipennate, Multipennate

52
Q

excursion/amplitude of a muscle

A

inches of the muscle at its longest minus inches at it’s shortest

53
Q

isomEtric

A

prEventing

tension develops but there is no change in length

54
Q

isOtOnic

A

cAUsing or cOntrolling

55
Q

concentric contraction

A

Causes movement. Shortening the muscle

56
Q

eCCentric

A

controLLing the movement. Lengthens the muscle.

57
Q

Prime mover

A

determined by size, angle of pull, and force generation capacity.

58
Q

How do you determine which muscle group is involved?

A

2 step process:

1) which movement is resistance tending to cause?
2) the opposite muscle group is involved

59
Q

Line of muscle pull / vector analysis

A

WHAT joint does the muscle cross
WHERE does it cross it (anterior, etc.)
HOW does it cross it (horizontally, etc.)

A diagonal vector can be resolved into component vectors

60
Q

Stabilizing component of Angle of muscle pull

A

if the joint is more open, the contraction also pulls bone towards body

61
Q

dislocating component of AofMP

A

if the joint is more closed, contraction pulls bone away from body

62
Q

antagonist

A

on opposite side of joint from agonist. Is relaxed when agonist contracts

63
Q

stabilizer

A

contracts to stabilize the origin of the agonist

64
Q

support muscle

A

contracts to hold body upright while actions are occurring by agonist

65
Q

neutralizer

A

prevents muscle from contracting too far.
has both a common action with and antagonistic action to agonist.
must have 2 muscles involved to occur.

66
Q

synergist

A

prevents all other actions except desired movement by agonist as it contracts. Marital agonist.

67
Q

active tension

A

when the muscle contracts

68
Q

passive tension

A

when the muscle and its elastic fascia are stretched beyond resting length

69
Q

When is the greatest amount of tension developed?

A

The muscle is slightly stretched, enabling both active and recoiling passive muscle components to react. (bending down before jumping)

70
Q

lengthened active insufficiency

A

muscle is too far stretched causing less sarcomere cross bridges connecting

71
Q

shortened active insufficiency

A

when the actin filaments overlap each other and can’t cross bridge

72
Q

passive insufficiency

A

when the antagonist is stretched to the point where it can no longer lengthen to allow further movement.
Usually seen in biarticular muscles and countercurrent movement patterns

73
Q

countercurrent movement pattern

A

As a joint moves through RoM the tension created will fluctuate even if resistance remains the same.

74
Q

concurrent movement pattern

A

If there are biarticular muscles, they can offset each other to help maintain constant length/tension as movement goes through RoM

75
Q

Lombard’s Paradox

A

Two muscles antagonistic to each other can both contract and contribute to desired movement when they are biarticular

76
Q

biarticular muscles

A

cross two joints

77
Q

open chain

A

distal end is not fixed to any surface. It is freely moveable.

78
Q

closed chain

A

distal segment is fixed and involves several joints moving in a predictable matter. Compressive forces in weight bearing movements

79
Q

autonomic nervous system

A 
controlling visceral (internal trunk organ) structures. 
Consists of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
80
Q

Central nervous system

A 
Brain 
  -cerebrum: highest mental functions
  -brainstem: midbrain, pons and medulla
  -cerebellum: coordination of voluntary movement, muscle tone and posture.
Spinal Cord
81
Q

frontal lobe

A

voluntarily controls skeletal muscle

82
Q

parietal lob

A

primary somatic sensory cortex. Receives sensory input.

83
Q

Type C sensory neuron

A

pain temperature non discriminate touch

84
Q

Type A sensory neuron

A

Proprioception, vibration, discriminate touch

85
Q

grey matter

A

neural connections/synapses occur

86
Q

white matter

A

ascending pathways that carry sensory info up

87
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

Contains sensory and motor divisions of all nerves

88
Q

Afferent neurons

A

sensory. Go towards brain.

89
Q

Efferent neurons

A

Motor. Go away from brain.

Eff this motor. It’s too hard to fix!

90
Q

motor unit

A

motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates

91
Q

all or nothing

A

the entire motor unit contracts, ornate at all. Force is varied by number and size of motor units recruited

92
Q

dermatome

A

band area of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve root level

93
Q

myotome

A

muscle or group of muscles supplied by a specific motor spinal nerve root level

94
Q

steps to cause contraction:

A

action potential
sub threshold
threshold: strong enough action potential for one motor unit
submaximal stimuli: strong enough action potential for several motor units
maximal stimulus

95
Q

type I motor neurons

A

small. easy to depolarize

96
Q

type II motor neurons

A

larger and can conduct impulses faster

97
Q

proprioceptors

A

located in muscles, skin, joints, tendons to sense movement and position

98
Q

Joint Proprioceptors (mechanoreceptors)

A

located in joint capsules. Stimulated when they become “deformed” during a movement.
Two types: pacinian corpuscles and ruffini endings

99
Q

Pacinian corpuscles

A

info about movement of joints

100
Q

Ruffini Endings

A

info about movement of joints AND static position of joints

101
Q

Muscle spindles

purpose, location, associated reflex

A

senses amount of stretch and speed of stretch. located within muscle.
Myotatic (stretch) reflex: to prevent muscle from overstitching it flexes the muscle. good for performance

102
Q

Golgi Tendon Organ

purpose, location, associated reflex

A

senses tension that could tear tendon. Located within the tendon.
Inverse myotatic reflex: causes a relaxation of the muscle to prevent tendon tearing. Good for stretching.

103
Q

ballistic stretching

A

rapid bouncing movement

104
Q

static stretching

A

slow and constant, end position is held

105
Q

proprioceptor neuromuscular facilitation stretching

active and passive stretch

A

with a partner involving
passive movement: when a parter/machine provides force for stretch
active movement: when patient supplies the force of the stretch

106
Q

autogenic inhibition

A

as tension increases in muscle, GTO sensory neuron synapses with inhibitory neuron which synapses with the motor neuron serving that muscle to inhibit it.

Kinesiology (8 decks)

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