section 11

Question 1

Pubic Symphysis parts

Answer 1

• Fibrocartilage interpubic disc
• superior pubic ligament
• inferior pubic ligament
• fibrous aponeurotic expansions

Question 2

fibrocartilage interpubic disc

Answer 2

separates the two pubic bones. becomes softer during childbirth.

Question 3

superior pubic ligament

Answer 3

attaches to pubic tubercles on each side to strengthen superioanterior portion

Question 4

inferior pubic ligament

Answer 4

attaches to two inferior pubic rami, strengthening that portion

Question 5

fibrous aponeurotic expansions of abdominal wall

Answer 5

strengthen and stabilize the joint

Question 6

sacroiliac joint parts

Answer 6

• short posterior sacroiliac ligament
• long posterior sacroiliac ligament
• anterior sacroiliac ligament
• sacrotuberous ligament
• sacrospinous ligament

Question 7

short posterior sacroiliac ligament

Answer 7

attaches posteriorly from upper sacrum to ilium

Question 8

long posterior sacroiliac ligament

Answer 8

runs vertically from posterosuperior iliac spine to lower sacrum

Question 9

anterior sacroiliac ligament

Answer 9

attaches anteriorly from the sacrum to the articular surface of the ilium to stabilize anteriorly

Question 10

sacrotuberous ligament

Answer 10

triangular ligament that attaches from sacrum to ischial tuberosity

Question 11

sacrospinous ligament

Answer 11

triangular ligament that attaches from sacrum to ischial spine anteriorly

Question 12

sacroiliac joint nutation

Answer 12

sacral flexion. the base (top) of the sacrum moves anteriorly and inferiorly, and the apex (bottom) moves posteriorly and superiorly. Occurs with hip extension.

Question 13

sacroiliac joint counternutation

Answer 13

sacral extension. the base of the sacrum moves posteriorly and superiorly, the apex moves anteriorly and inferiorly. Occurs with hip flexion.

Question 14

lumbosacral parts

Answer 14

• iliolumbar ligament

- lumbosacral ligament

Question 15

iliolumbar ligament

Answer 15

attaches from transverse process of L5 to inner lip of posterior portion of iliac crest. Limits rotation of L5 on S1 and prevents from anterior displacement

Question 16

lumbosacral ligament

Answer 16

attaches from transverse process of L5 to the ala (wing of the ilium) of the sacrum. limits anterior displacement

Question 17

pelvic rotation in the saggital plane (4) bottom of page 105

Answer 17

• anterior pelvic rotation: pelvis rotates forward, moving ASIS anterior to pubic symphysis. Hip flexion. increases lordosis.
• anterior pelvic tilt: tilt is due to bad posture. tight hip flexors and low back extensors, weak trunk flexors and hip extensors.
• posterior pelvic rotation: pelvis rotates backward, Asis moves posterior to pubic symphysis. hip extension. decreases lordosis.
• posterior pelvic tilt: bad posture. tight hip extensors and trunk flexors, weak hip flexors and low back extensors.

Question 18

pelvic rotation in the frontal plane (2)

Answer 18

left lateral pelvic rotation- right pelvis is elevated. left hip abduction and right hip adduction.
right lateral pelvic rotation- left pelvis is elevated. right hip abduction and left hip adduction.

Question 19

pelvic rotation in the transverse plane (2)

Answer 19

left transverse pelvic rotation- rotation of the pelvis to the body’s left.
right transverse pelvic rotation- rotation of the pelvis to the body’s right.

Question 20

acetabulofemoral joint (hip joint (with femur head)) open and closed pack

Answer 20

open: flexed 30 degrees and abducted 30 degrees
closed: fully extended, internally rotated, and abducted

Question 21

zona orbicularis

Answer 21

strong deep circular fibers surrounding the neck of the femur in the acetabulofemoral joint. Helps strengthen the joint

Question 22

acetabular labrum

Answer 22

cartilage ring that lines the acetabulum to increase stability and depth of the socket

Question 23

transverse acetabular ligament

Answer 23

connects the two inferior acetabulum ends to form a complete ring where the head of the femur inserts.

Question 24

ligamentum teres

Answer 24

attaches from internal acetabulum to the fovea capitus on the head of the femur. provides a conduit for blood vessels and nerves.

Question 25

iliofemoral Y ligament

Answer 25

attaches from the anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) and the posterosuperior aspect of the acetabulum brim. it splits into two parts crossing the hip anteriorly to attach the the intertrochanteric line of the femur. limits hip hyperextension. page 107 picture

Question 26

pubofemoral ligament

Answer 26

attaches from medial acetabular rim and lateral superior ramus of the pubis to the femoral neck and center portion of the intertrochanteric line of the femur. limits hip hyperextension and abduction.

Question 27

ischiofemoral ligament

Answer 27

attaches from ischial portion of acetabulum to femoral neck. limits hip internal rotation and hyperextension.

Question 28

femoral angle of inclination

Answer 28

the angle between the femoral neck and femoral shaft. infants = 160 degrees and adult = 125 degrees.

Question 29

coxa vara

Answer 29

abnormal decrease in angle of inclination. causes femoral growth plate changes and adolescent hip disorders. Can be seen in seniors with osteoarthritis.

Question 30

coxa valga

Answer 30

abnormal increase in angle of inclination. reduces femoral joint congruency resulting in joint instability and increased hip dislocation.

Question 31

femoral angle of torsion

Answer 31

the angle between the shaft of the femur and the neck of the femur in the transverse plane. normal measurement is 15 degrees.

Question 32

anterversion

Answer 32

when the angle is increased resulting in toe in during standing and walking. pigeon toed. restricts lateral rotation RoM at the hip.
your stance is not welcome to ants (toe in) and your “anger” (angle) is increased.

Question 33

retroversion

Answer 33

the angle is decreased and can result in toe out. restricts lateral rotation RoM at the hip.

Question 34

piriformis syndrome

Answer 34

compression of the sciatic nerve (L4-S2) as it passes under the piriformis (deep butt muscle) causing pain

Question 35

thomas test

Answer 35

tests for tight hip flexors. laying in supine, the patient takes the non test leg and flexes toward chest. If test leg raises off table, its positive for the condition.

Question 36

modified thomas test

Answer 36

tests specifically for iliopsoas complex and rectus femoris tightness. From the thomas test position, extend the test knee. Its a tight rectus femoris if the leg lowers when extended. Its the iliopsoas if the leg does not lower.

Question 37

ober’s test

Answer 37

tests for tightness of tensor fascia latae. patient lays on side. The down leg hip and knee both flex 45 degrees. examiner passively abducts/extends the up leg so its up and behind from the patient’s body. The test is positive if extended leg does not drop down to the surface completely after lowering, but is restricted and hangs in mid air.

Question 38

90-90 straight leg raise test

Answer 38

tests for hamstring tightness (back of thigh). patient in supine. tested leg is brought to 90 degree flexion with knee in flexed position. then the knee is extended as far as possible. Positive for tightness if at end point the knee has more than 20 degrees flexion.

Question 39

Hip external/internal rotation

Answer 39

external: lateral femur movement away from body midline
internal: lateral femur movement towards body midline