Britain, transport

Question 1

Building railways

Answer 1

Railways were built. This provided jobs for Navies. And also a solution to the inefficient canals so there was a more efficient mode of trasport

Question 2

Building bridges

Answer 2

Bridges could be built over water

Trains didn’t have to go all the way around gaps if they wanted to cross

Question 3

Locomotives

Answer 3

The steam boilers in trains became larger which increased their speed

Journeys on trains became shorter, goods could be delivered faster and people can go places they want quicker

Question 4

Signalling

Answer 4

Mechanically operated signals replaced hand signals and a telegraph system could be used to send messages back along the track

Trains were safer now, messages could be sent along the tracks to prevent accidents. This re assured passengers and could bring in more customers making the owners more money.

Question 5

Braking

Answer 5

All coaches had a continuous brake. A dead mans handle was installed

This meant that if they broke away from the engine they could still break. Trains would atomatically stop if the driver fell asleep or passed a signal.

Question 6

Passenger comfort on carriages

Answer 6

Carriages got seats, roofs, comfortable seats, sleeping cars were made, toilets were introduced.

This greatly increased business for trains as more people would want to go on them.

Question 7

People that supported railways

Answer 7

Business men liked railways because they could make money out of the railways, transporting goods easier
Ordinary people liked them because they can travel cheaply and quickly around the country and they can get jobs in new places.
Royalty liked it because queen victoria road the train and liked it which encouraged more people to support it.

Question 8

Social impact-
Commuting

Answer 8

People didn’t have to live right next to their workplace
- The Singer factory in Clydebank had a large workforce, which came to work each day on trains

Question 9

People that opposed the railways

Answer 9

Ordinary people also opposed it in extreme ways, a railways opposer shot a man because he was surveying a line.
Doctors thought railways could be harm to peoples health like heart attacks or breaking limbs
Farmers thought that hens would be scared by the trains and might stop laying eggs, cows might not make milk.
Landowners thought that railways going over their land would ruin their estates.

Question 10

Social impact-
Shopping

Answer 10

It became much easier to move fresh farm produce into towns
- Goods like clothes, shoes, furniture could be sold all over the country because of trains

Question 11

Social impact-
Leisure

Answer 11

The railways changed how people spent their free time by letting ordinary people go on holiday
- North Berwick, St Andrews and Ayr became popular destinations

Question 12

Social impact-
Time was standardised

Answer 12

A result of the railways was the standardisation of time. Before many places had slightly different times but trains made the whole of Britain be strictly on one timeframe.
- From December 1946, all station clocks were set at Greenwich time

Question 13

Economic impact-
Industries benefited

Answer 13

The coal industry benefited because of railways, steam engines needed coal to run so they expanded
- Steam engines used 2 million tonnes of coal annually in 1886

Question 14

Economic impact-
Agriculture and fisheries benefited

Answer 14

Fishermen could sell their fish across Britain into cities everyday through the railways
- Fresh fish could reach cities everday from ports like Eyemouth, Dunbar and Peterhead

Question 15

Economic impact-
Communications

Answer 15

The newspaper industry could send their papers all over the country the day they were published.
- Newspapers like The Times and Scotsman could run trains to increase their circulation nationwide

Question 16

Economic impact-
Economic growth becuase of the railways

Answer 16

The railways employed lots of needed workers to lay the tracks for trains
- There were over 250,000 navies working on the railway in the 1840’s

Question 17

Advantages of the canals

Answer 17

• Canals are a cheap and reliable way of transporting bulky goods, like coal or raw materials, fertilisers, food stuffs and finished products
• Canals created a growth in coastal ports because food supplies, coal and other goods could be draw from a wider area
• The constitution of the canals created work for a new group of mobile workers called ‘navies’
• Canals could make people that invested in them very rich
• Canals were faster than carriages and pack mules
• They opened up new lines of communication between industrial areas and encouraged growth of industries

Question 18

Disadvantages of the canals

Answer 18

• Canals could be built too close together and were therefore unprofitable.
• Moving goods from one boat to another was sometimes necessary.
• Canals were subject to weather hazards like water shortages, drought, flood and frost.
• Canals were often slow
• Canals were expensive to make
• Canals were costly to maintain and by early 19th century they were in financial difficulties
• The locks were not universal .

Question 19

Why were canals built

Answer 19

• People viewed the systems of transport like road and river as expensive and insufficient
• Large quantities of coal needed to be moved cheaply
• Water access was needed for places in Britain that didn’t have rivers
• So factories could move the products to the consumer quickly
• Horses couldn’t handle bulk materials like coal and or fragile materials like potery
• People needed access to factories