Britain - important ppl and dates Flashcards
The celts
drudic tribes, such as britons, that inhabited the british isles during the 40BC to 400 AC
- religious ceremonies, rituals, and sacrifices
- connection with nature
- stonehenge - prolly used for rituals
The Celts were a diverse group of ancient Indo-European peoples who inhabited a large part of Europe from the late Bronze Age to the Roman period. They were known for their distinctive language, art, and culture. The Celts were spread across regions such as Ireland, Scotland, Wales, England, France, Spain, and parts of central Europe.
Anglo-Saxon period
450’s-1066
This era follows the Roman withdrawal from Britain in the early 5th century and preceds the Norman Conquest of 1066.
Here’s a brief overview:
After the Roman departure, various Germanic tribes, including the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes, migrated to Britain. They gradually established kingdoms and settlements, creating a new society with a blend of Germanic traditions and influences from the indigenous Celtic population.
Kingdoms and Culture (7th-9th centuries): The Anglo-Saxon period saw the formation of several independent kingdoms. The period is also marked by the spread of Christianity, with missionaries like Augustine of Canterbury converting the Anglo-Saxons.
Viking Invasions (8th-11th centuries): Viking raids and invasions from the 8th century onwards brought further upheaval. The Vikings targeted monasteries and coastal areas, contributing to the fragmentation of Anglo-Saxon kingdoms.
The Anglo-Saxon period came to an end with the Norman Conquest in 1066. The Battle of Hastings saw the defeat of the Anglo-Saxon king, Harold II, by William the Conqueror. This event had profound and lasting impacts on English society, culture, and governance.
The Viking Era
Viking Age (800-1066)
The Vikings, mainly from Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, (also called the scandinavien pirates) conducted raids, established settlements, and eventually integrated into the local population. This interaction led to the introduction of many Norse (Viking) words into the English language.
Names of the week - named by old Norse gods.
short, clear words: kill, die, sky, low
The Norman conquest
The Norman conquest
The battle of hastings 1066
where the William the Conqueror from spain killed british king Herold II and become the new king of England and brought the french normandy into england
=> FEUDAL SYSTEM: granted land to nobles in exchange of loyalty and military service
=> The DOOMSDAY BOOK: the first official survey of the entire kingdom to record the ownership of land, property and resources - used this to see how much he can charge the people to supply the army
=> FRENCH LANGUAGE:
- names of the meat: venison, pork, beef
- royal words: King, queen, crown, castle, palace
The reign of king John
Conflict with France: John faced military challenges in France, leading to the loss of key territories. The Battle of Bouvines in 1214 marked a significant defeat for him.
Conflict with the Church: John had strained relations with Pope. => Magna Carta (1215): In 1215, faced with discontent among the barons and the Church, John was forced to sign the Magna Carta, a historic document that aimed to limit the king’s powers.
The hundred years war
1337-1453
A bunch of fights that went for a really long time (116years). The reign of Edward III. - disputes over the territories in France.
The Hundred Years’ War was a long fight between England and France from 1337 to 1453. They were arguing about who should be in charge. There were times when England did well, like at the battles of Crécy and Agincourt, but then France fought back, especially with the help of Joan of Arc. The war changed things a lot—feudalism went down, and new weapons and national identities came up. The war finally ended in 1453 after the Battle of Castillon, shaping how Europe looked. (FRENCH WON)
war of roses
war of roses 1455 to 1487
yorks vs lancasters, lasted about 30 years
dispute over the english throne
Henry Tudor (lancaster) won and married Elizabeth of york and together they begun the reign of Tudors.
The Wars of the Roses were a series of civil wars fought in England from 1455 to 1487 between two rival branches of the royal House—the Lancastrians and the Yorkists. The conflict was fueled by disputes over the rightful claim to the English throne. Key figures included the Lancastrian King Henry VI and the Yorkist claimant Richard, Duke of York. The wars culminated in the establishment of the Tudor dynasty, with Henry VII emerging victorious at the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485. This marked the end of the Wars of the Roses and the beginning of the Tudor era in England.
