Breeding Management

Question 1

How long is the interestrus interval in the bitch?

Answer 1

4-12 months

Question 2

What is unique about a dog’s oocytes and ovulation timing?

Answer 2

Ovulate primary oocytes, can’t be fertilized until secondary oocytes

Question 3

How often do cats cycle?

Answer 3

Every 18-21 days (like sheep & goats); they are induced ovulators and seasonally polyestrus

Question 4

How is Brucella canis transmitted?

Answer 4

Mucous membranes, vaginal, urine, abortal, & seminal fluids

Question 5

Why do bitches with brucellosis abort their pregnancy?

Answer 5

Due to placentitis

Question 6

What effect does Brucella canis have on the stud dog?

Answer 6

Can cause orchitis/epididymitis

Question 7

What is the gold standard test for Brucella canis in breeding animals?

Answer 7

Cornell Multiplex Test

Question 8

If you send a Brucella canis test to Idexx, are they using the gold standard test?

Answer 8

No, they are using IFA which is okay but not the best; not the same test as Cornell Multiplex

Question 9

What 4 things must semen evaluation include?

Answer 9

1. Color, clarity
2. Total & progressive motility
3. Morphology**
4. Concentration

Question 10

What is considered one semen dose of small breed dogs?

Answer 10

100-150 million

Question 11

What is considered one semen dose of large breed dogs?

Answer 11

200 million

Question 12

If you see blood in your seminal fluid collection, what could it indicate?

Answer 12

A problem with the prostate (BPH, prostatitis) or defect on penis (often frank blood)

Question 13

If you have white blood cells in your seminal fluid, what is that indicative of?

Answer 13

Prostatitis

Question 14

Is the patient clinically well with prostatitis? What about if they have BPH?

Answer 14

Sick with prostatitis, normal with BPH

Question 15

For breeding management, you should start counting on day 1, which is indicated by what?

Answer 15

First day of vulvar discharge

Question 16

Once you identify the first day of standing estrus in the bitch, how often should you breed her?

Answer 16

Every 2-3 days until she no longer stands

Question 17

T/F: The more breedings you can get, the more likely you are to cause ovulation & have a full litter.

Answer 17

T, the same applies to cats

Question 18

T/F: The rate at which progesterone rises is the rate at which oocytes mature.

Answer 18

T

Question 19

Match the following progesterone levels to the stage in cycle:
2ng/ml

A) No luteal tissue present
B) LH peak
C) Ovulation
D) Diestrual phase

Answer 19

B

Question 20

Match the following progesterone levels to the stage in cycle:
<1ng/ml

A) No luteal tissue present
B) LH peak
C) Ovulation
D) Diestrual phase

Answer 20

A

Question 21

Match the following progesterone level to the stage in cycle:
5ng/ml

A) No luteal tissue present
B) LH peak
C) Ovulation
D) Diestrual phase

Answer 21

C; range is 3-10ng/ml

Question 22

Match the following progesterone level to the stage in cycle:
>25ng/ml

A) No luteal tissue present
B) LH peak
C) Ovulation
D) Diestrual phase

Answer 22

D

Question 23

How long after the LH surge will ovulation occur?

Answer 23

~48-72 hours post LH surge

Question 24

What is the lifespan of oocytes?

Answer 24

4-6 days

Question 25

When should you start progesterone testing & how often should you test?

Answer 25

Start of day 5-7 of cycle & retest every other day

Question 26

What does vaginal cytology tell us?

Answer 26

Tells us if she is under the influence of estrogen and if there is evidence of inflammation

Question 27

T/F: Cytology tells us when the bitch will ovulate.

Answer 27

F, it has nothing to do with ovulation

Question 28

How long does fresh semen last? What about shipped chilled & frozen semen?

Answer 28

Fresh & shipped chilled semen last 5-7 days Frozen lasts 12-24 hours, if lucky

Question 29

If you plan to inseminate with frozen semen, you need to inseminate on the most fertile days. Which is?

Answer 29

3-4 days post ovulation or 5-7 days post LH peak

Question 30

T/F: If you collect semen on a Saturday, it should still be okay by Monday.

Answer 30

F; it is better to inseminate on a Saturday and reinforce on a Tuesday.

Question 31

What type of semen can you use if doing vaginal artificial insemination?

Answer 31

Fresh or shipped-chilled

Question 32

If you are performing vaginal AI, where are you putting the semen?

Answer 32

As close to the cervix in the cranial vagina

Question 33

What type of semen can be used for trans-cervical AI?

Answer 33

Fresh, shipped-chilled, or frozen

Question 34

Where is the semen placed when performing trans-cervical AI?

Answer 34

Directly in the uterus

Question 35

What are the only cases in which surgical AI would be used?

Answer 35

Infertility of the bitch in a specialist's hands

Question 36

Why is TCI a better option for artificial insemination instead of surgical AI?

Answer 36

Because surgical AI is invasive & not necessary because TCI is less invasive & has the same success rates

Question 37

How many days post-ovulation will a bitch whelp?

Answer 37

63 days

Question 38

How many days post-LH peak will a bitch whelp?

Answer 38

65 days

Question 39

How many days post-diestral shift on cytology will a bitch whelp?

Answer 39

57 days

Question 40

If you have performed progesterone testing in a bitch but have missed her LH peak, is it okay to still proceed with insemination?

Answer 40

It's not a big deal if using fresh or shipped-chilled semen, but it's not okay if using frozen semen.

Question 41

How do you calculate total normal motile sperm?

Answer 41

(Total sperm) x (% normal morphology) x (% motile)

Question 42

Typically, the more inseminations performed over a wider range of days that you put semen in, the better off you will be. What type of semen does this NOT apply to?

Answer 42

Frozen semen - doesn't make a difference how many inseminations are performed; you would only be wasting money and valuable semen