BREATHING SYSTEMS Flashcards
A breathing system → assembly of components which connects the ______________ to the ____________ creating an artificial atmosphere, from and into which the patient breathes.
patient’s airway ; anaesthetic machine
The Ideal Breathing system
Simple and safe to use Sturdy, (small or large ?) and (light or dark?) Pressure relief [____________)
(Low or High?) resistance
Delivers the right gas mixture
Allows all methods of ventilation in all age group ( ___________ & ___________)
Efficient → (Low or High?) FGF, _______ elimination
Allows easy removal of waste gases
Easy to maintain with low running costs
small ; light ; barotrauma
Low ; spontaneous & controlled
Low ; CO2
Components
_________ port/_________ tube→ gases are delivered from the machine to the systems
Fresh gas entry port/delivery tube
Port ; Reservoir bag
Corrugated tube ; Expiratory port/valve
carbon dioxide absorber
TYPES OF SYSTEMS
_______________
_______________
_______________ circuits
_______________ system
_______________ systems
Insufflation
Draw-over
Mapleson circuits
The circle system
Resuscitation systems
INSUFFLATION
Because Insufflation avoids _______________ , there is no _________ of exhaled gases if the _____ is ________ enough.
__________ cannot be controlled with this technique, however, and the inspired gas contains ___________ amounts of entrained ______________ .
any direct patient contact
rebreathing ; flow ; high
Ventilation ;unpredictable
Atmospheric air
INSUFFLATION
The —————- of anaesthetic gases across a patient’s face
Avoids ____________ between a breathing circuit and patient’s airway
Paediatrics (IV cannulation)
blowing ; direct connection
OPEN DROP ANAESTHESIA
Not used in modern medicine
A _________________ anesthetic is dripped
onto a gauze–covered mask applied
to the patient’s face vaporization →↓ _________ →__________________ → ↓______________ patient
highly volatile
mask temp
moisture condensation
anesthetic vapor
Anesthesia Circuits
Basically 2 systems : 1,_______ systems and 2. _________ systems
Circle
Mapleson
Circle System
Allows ________ of anesthetic gases
(Lower or Higher?) FGF rates
(More or Less?) pollution
Requires ___________
Conserves _______ and ___________
rebreathing
Lower
Less
CO2 absorption
heat and humidity
Advantages of Circle Sysytem
Highly efficient
Minimal ____________
Conserves _______ and _______
Minimal _________
Disadvantage - many places to _____
dead space
heat and moisture
pollution
leak
Components of the Circle System
__________ source
__________ valves
__________ __________ tubing
________ connector
_______ valve
_________ bag
______________
Fresh gas source
Unidirectional valves
Inspiratory expiratory tubing
Y-piece connector
APL valve
Reservoir bag
Co2 absorber
Rules for Circle System
Unidirectional valve must be ___________________
FGF cannot enter between __________________
APL cannot be located between ______________
between patient bag on both sides
patient expiratory valve
patient inspiratory valve
Four Basic Circuits
List them
Open
Semi-open
Semi-closed
Closed
Open Systems
Eg ____________
blow anesthetic gas over ____, no _________
(rebreathing or no rebreathing?) of gases
ventilation (can or cannot?) be controlled (known or unknown?) amount delivered
Insufflation
face ; direct contact
no rebreathing ;cannot
unknown
Semi-open Systems
A Breathing system which ________________
_____________________________ system
entrains room air
Self inflating resuscitator
