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Junior Anaesthesia > BASIC LIFE SUPPORT (BLS) > Flashcards

BASIC LIFE SUPPORT (BLS) Flashcards

1
Q

Steps in CPR
 D - __________
 R – __________
 C- __________
 A - __________
 B - __________

A

 D - Danger
 R – Responsiveness  C- Circulation
 A - Airway
 B - Breathing

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2
Q

Danger

__________________________________
Manual Handling
Beware of environmental danger:
 traffic, electricity, water, gas Corrosive chemicals via skin, RT
Infection - N.meningitidis, T.B, HIV, SARS

A

Eliminate or minimise risk to rescuer

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3
Q

How to check for responsiveness?

A

Tap and shout

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4
Q

If victim is unresponsive and not breathing normally!!!

__________________________ / Get ______

Start _______ immediately

In all adults, children and infants, start
with _________________________.
*HCP may incorporate additional information to aid arrest recognition

A

ACTIVATE the Emergency response team

AED

CPR

CHEST COMPRESSIONS

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5
Q

CHEST COMPRESSIONS

Heel position: _________ of Chest/ _________ of sternum

Depth: at least ____” (____cm)

Rate: ________ compressions/ minute Ratio: ___: ____
Allow complete recoil after each on.

A

middle; lower 1⁄2

2; 5

100; 30;2

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6
Q

Mechanism For Forward Blood Flow

Chest compressions produce forward blood flow by
– _________ Pump
- ___________ pump

A

Cardiac

Thoracic

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7
Q

Effective Chest compressions can only achieve about _____% of normal cardiac output!

A

30

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8
Q

Chest compressions:
Depress sternum ___-___ cm
Rate: ______-______ per minute

A

5-6

100 - 120

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9
Q

Encourage ____________ CPR for an un-trained rescuer

A

Hands-only

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10
Q

AIRWAY
Open up the airway

A. _________________
B.______________

A

Head-tilt & Chin-lift

Jaw thrust

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11
Q

Head-tilt, chin-lift

Place one handon the victims ———— and _____ to tilt the head back

Place fingers of the other hand under the ______________________________
Lift the jaw to bring the chin forwards

A

forehead; push

bony prominence of the lower jaw near the chin

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12
Q

Jaw Thrust

Jaw thrust results in minimal _____________________

A

movement of cervical spine.

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13
Q

Jaw Thrust
Indicated when _________________ is suspected.

A

C-spine fracture

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14
Q

Jaw thrust brings ————— __________ , relieves obstruction by _______ and __________

A

mandible forward

soft palate and epiglottis

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15
Q

Jaw thrust
Place index and other fingers _____________________

Apply (forward or backward?) and (upward or downward?) pressure

A

behind angle of mandible

Forward; upward

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16
Q

RESCUE BREATHING

Aka ‘ _________________________’

Use a __________ or _____________ device

Connect to ____________
Deliver each breath over _____ second
Every _____ seconds (____ventilations/ min)

A

Expired air ventilation

pocket-mask or Bag-mask

an oxygen source; 1; 6; 10

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17
Q

Rescue Breathing

Tidal volume to be sufficient to ______________
Allow _____________.

A

make the chest rise

exhalation

18
Q

Rescue breathing (Expired air ventilation)

 ____-_____% oxygen
 Occlude _________
 Maintain ____________
 Take a ________
 Ensure a good _____________

A

16 - 17

victim’s nose

chin lift

deep breath

mouth-to-mouth

19
Q

Rescue breathing (Expired air ventilation)

Blow steadily(——— sec)* into victim’s mouth
Watch for _______
Maintain _________ , remove mouth
Watch _________

A

1; chest rise

chin lift

chest fall

20
Q

Mouth to Pocket mask ventilation
Advantages:
Avoids _______________________
Decreases potential for —————
Allows oxygen _____________

Limitations:
•Maintenance of ____________
•________ inflation

A

direct person to person contact

cross infection

enrichment

airtight seal; Gastric

21
Q

Chest compression: Breath ratio
 _____ compressions : ___ breaths for
1-person CPR
2-person CPR

2nd rescuer should take over chest compressions after ___________ to prevent fatigue and maintain quality of compressions.

A

30;2

2 minutes

22
Q

Once the ____________ is ____________, compressions and ventilations are independent

A

trachea is intubated

23
Q

When to go for help?

Go for help immediately:
_______________ rescuer
Single rescuer:  _______ with ________ problem, once established that patient _____________

A

More than one

adult; cardiac
not breathing

24
Q

When to go for help?

CPR for 2 minutes first:
 ___________
 ___________
________ or _____________
_________ or _________

A

Trauma
Drowning

Drug or alcohol intoxication

Infant or child

25
Q

AED =???

A

Automated external defibrillator

26
Q

Use an AED for a pregnant woman in cardiac arrest as you would for any victim of cardiac arrest.

T/F

A

T

27
Q

CPR in pregnancy

If the woman begins to move, speak, blink, or otherwise react, _________ and roll her onto her _________

A

stop CPR

Left side

28
Q

Pediatric Resuscitation
PREVENTION!
Causes of cardiac arrest most commonly __________ ; ___________ problems

Optimal resuscitation is ______________________________________
Infant :< 1year
Child :1year – puberty(secondary breast dev. or presence of pubic hair)

A

asphyxia ; respiratory

combination of compressions and ventilations

29
Q

Causes of paed Cardiac arrest

Infants - preventable causes e.g.______, _________ illnesses + Severe ___________ & __________

Children 1-5years – ________,_________

A

RTI; Diarrheal

Dehydration & Shock

trauma, accidents

30
Q

Prevention of Paed CA

 Health education
 ____________
 Adequate _________
 Exclusive ______________
 _____________ sanitation
 Safe water
 Injury prevention(environmental safety etc)

A

Immunizations

nutrition; breastfeeding

Environmental

31
Q

Early & effective bystander CPR

Immediate by-stander CPR is crucial to survival
________ should be provided for the first ___________ if a lone-rescuer before EMS is activated (phone _____ & not phone _______!).
If 2-rescuer CPR, then second rescuer to
activate EMS immediately while first
rescuer commences CPR

A

CPR; 2 minutes

fast; first

32
Q

Recognition and Activation
Cardiac arrest if __________ and _______________

PULSE CHECK?: You may but take no longer than ___________! (reliability)
Start CPR!

_______ sequence(irrespective of cause)
ACTIVATION to be __________ with Start of CPR
If lone rescuer, then 2 minutes of CPR before activation

A

unresponsive; not breathing NORMALLY

10seconds

C.A.B ; simultaneous

33
Q

Paed Chest Compressions

Push (Soft or Hard?) and Push(Slow or Fast?)!

Compression site
_______________________ in infants
___________________ in children

Compression depth
Depress sternum ________ of chest circumference
Or infant : _____ inch”(____cm) and Child ___ inch”(____cm)

A

Hard; fast

1 fingers-breath below inter-nipple line

Lower 1⁄2 of sternum

1/3rd; 1.5; 4 ; 2 ;5

34
Q

Paed Compression rate
Rate of _____/minute
Allow _____________________
Minimize interruptions(‘No-flow / Hands-off time’)
Avoid excessive __________

A

100

complete chest recoil

ventilations

35
Q

______________ chest compression technique in infant (1 rescuer)

________________________ hands chest compression in infant (2 rescuers).

A

Two-finger

Two thumb-encircling

36
Q

For infants, if the rescuer is unable to achieve guideline-recommended depths (at least __________ the diameter of the chest), it may be reasonable to ________________________.

A

one third

use the heel of 1 hand

37
Q

The “no-flow interval” is the time from ————— to ________________________

A

cardiac arrest to initiation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).

38
Q

Coordinate compressions and ventilations
Ratios :

____:____ , if lone rescuer
__:____, if two rescuers

Once advanced airway is placed compressions and ventilations are _______

Compressions:______/min, ventilate ______ /min(a breath every 2-3secs)

A

30:2; 15:2

independent

100; 20- 30

39
Q

Inadequate breathing with a definite pulse

Immediate _________
1 breath every ________ seconds= 20-30/min
Continue till ____________
Check for a pulse every __________

A

ventilations

2-3; breathing spontaneously

2 minutes

40
Q

Bradycardia with signs of poor perfusion
Pulse rate< _____/min
Pallor, cyanosis, mottling despite adequate ventilations and oxygen support
Cardiac output is largely dependent on heart rate
Start ______!!!!

A

60

CPR

Junior Anaesthesia (17 decks)

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