BASIC LIFE SUPPORT (BLS) Flashcards
Steps in CPR
D - __________
R – __________
C- __________
A - __________
B - __________
D - Danger
R – Responsiveness C- Circulation
A - Airway
B - Breathing
Danger
__________________________________
Manual Handling
Beware of environmental danger:
traffic, electricity, water, gas Corrosive chemicals via skin, RT
Infection - N.meningitidis, T.B, HIV, SARS
Eliminate or minimise risk to rescuer
How to check for responsiveness?
Tap and shout
If victim is unresponsive and not breathing normally!!!
__________________________ / Get ______
Start _______ immediately
In all adults, children and infants, start
with _________________________.
*HCP may incorporate additional information to aid arrest recognition
ACTIVATE the Emergency response team
AED
CPR
CHEST COMPRESSIONS
CHEST COMPRESSIONS
Heel position: _________ of Chest/ _________ of sternum
Depth: at least ____” (____cm)
Rate: ________ compressions/ minute Ratio: ___: ____
Allow complete recoil after each on.
middle; lower 1⁄2
2; 5
100; 30;2
Mechanism For Forward Blood Flow
Chest compressions produce forward blood flow by
– _________ Pump
- ___________ pump
Cardiac
Thoracic
Effective Chest compressions can only achieve about _____% of normal cardiac output!
30
Chest compressions:
Depress sternum ___-___ cm
Rate: ______-______ per minute
5-6
100 - 120
Encourage ____________ CPR for an un-trained rescuer
Hands-only
AIRWAY
Open up the airway
A. _________________
B.______________
Head-tilt & Chin-lift
Jaw thrust
Head-tilt, chin-lift
Place one handon the victims ———— and _____ to tilt the head back
Place fingers of the other hand under the ______________________________
Lift the jaw to bring the chin forwards
forehead; push
bony prominence of the lower jaw near the chin
Jaw Thrust
Jaw thrust results in minimal _____________________
movement of cervical spine.
Jaw Thrust
Indicated when _________________ is suspected.
C-spine fracture
Jaw thrust brings ————— __________ , relieves obstruction by _______ and __________
mandible forward
soft palate and epiglottis
Jaw thrust
Place index and other fingers _____________________
Apply (forward or backward?) and (upward or downward?) pressure
behind angle of mandible
Forward; upward
RESCUE BREATHING
Aka ‘ _________________________’
Use a __________ or _____________ device
Connect to ____________
Deliver each breath over _____ second
Every _____ seconds (____ventilations/ min)
Expired air ventilation
pocket-mask or Bag-mask
an oxygen source; 1; 6; 10
Rescue Breathing
Tidal volume to be sufficient to ______________
Allow _____________.
make the chest rise
exhalation
Rescue breathing (Expired air ventilation)
____-_____% oxygen
Occlude _________
Maintain ____________
Take a ________
Ensure a good _____________
16 - 17
victim’s nose
chin lift
deep breath
mouth-to-mouth
Rescue breathing (Expired air ventilation)
Blow steadily(——— sec)* into victim’s mouth
Watch for _______
Maintain _________ , remove mouth
Watch _________
1; chest rise
chin lift
chest fall
Mouth to Pocket mask ventilation
Advantages:
Avoids _______________________
Decreases potential for —————
Allows oxygen _____________
Limitations:
•Maintenance of ____________
•________ inflation
direct person to person contact
cross infection
enrichment
airtight seal; Gastric
Chest compression: Breath ratio
_____ compressions : ___ breaths for
1-person CPR
2-person CPR
2nd rescuer should take over chest compressions after ___________ to prevent fatigue and maintain quality of compressions.
30;2
2 minutes
Once the ____________ is ____________, compressions and ventilations are independent
trachea is intubated
When to go for help?
Go for help immediately:
_______________ rescuer
Single rescuer: _______ with ________ problem, once established that patient _____________
More than one
adult; cardiac
not breathing
When to go for help?
CPR for 2 minutes first:
___________
___________
________ or _____________
_________ or _________
Trauma
Drowning
Drug or alcohol intoxication
Infant or child
AED =???
Automated external defibrillator
Use an AED for a pregnant woman in cardiac arrest as you would for any victim of cardiac arrest.
T/F
T
CPR in pregnancy
If the woman begins to move, speak, blink, or otherwise react, _________ and roll her onto her _________
stop CPR
Left side
Pediatric Resuscitation
PREVENTION!
Causes of cardiac arrest most commonly __________ ; ___________ problems
Optimal resuscitation is ______________________________________
Infant :< 1year
Child :1year – puberty(secondary breast dev. or presence of pubic hair)
asphyxia ; respiratory
combination of compressions and ventilations
Causes of paed Cardiac arrest
Infants - preventable causes e.g.______, _________ illnesses + Severe ___________ & __________
Children 1-5years – ________,_________
RTI; Diarrheal
Dehydration & Shock
trauma, accidents
Prevention of Paed CA
Health education
____________
Adequate _________
Exclusive ______________
_____________ sanitation
Safe water
Injury prevention(environmental safety etc)
Immunizations
nutrition; breastfeeding
Environmental
Early & effective bystander CPR
Immediate by-stander CPR is crucial to survival
________ should be provided for the first ___________ if a lone-rescuer before EMS is activated (phone _____ & not phone _______!).
If 2-rescuer CPR, then second rescuer to
activate EMS immediately while first
rescuer commences CPR
CPR; 2 minutes
fast; first
Recognition and Activation
Cardiac arrest if __________ and _______________
PULSE CHECK?: You may but take no longer than ___________! (reliability)
Start CPR!
_______ sequence(irrespective of cause)
ACTIVATION to be __________ with Start of CPR
If lone rescuer, then 2 minutes of CPR before activation
unresponsive; not breathing NORMALLY
10seconds
C.A.B ; simultaneous
Paed Chest Compressions
Push (Soft or Hard?) and Push(Slow or Fast?)!
Compression site
_______________________ in infants
___________________ in children
Compression depth
Depress sternum ________ of chest circumference
Or infant : _____ inch”(____cm) and Child ___ inch”(____cm)
Hard; fast
1 fingers-breath below inter-nipple line
Lower 1⁄2 of sternum
1/3rd; 1.5; 4 ; 2 ;5
Paed Compression rate
Rate of _____/minute
Allow _____________________
Minimize interruptions(‘No-flow / Hands-off time’)
Avoid excessive __________
100
complete chest recoil
ventilations
______________ chest compression technique in infant (1 rescuer)
________________________ hands chest compression in infant (2 rescuers).
Two-finger
Two thumb-encircling
For infants, if the rescuer is unable to achieve guideline-recommended depths (at least __________ the diameter of the chest), it may be reasonable to ________________________.
one third
use the heel of 1 hand
The “no-flow interval” is the time from ————— to ________________________
cardiac arrest to initiation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).
Coordinate compressions and ventilations
Ratios :
____:____ , if lone rescuer
__:____, if two rescuers
Once advanced airway is placed compressions and ventilations are _______
Compressions:______/min, ventilate ______ /min(a breath every 2-3secs)
30:2; 15:2
independent
100; 20- 30
Inadequate breathing with a definite pulse
Immediate _________
1 breath every ________ seconds= 20-30/min
Continue till ____________
Check for a pulse every __________
ventilations
2-3; breathing spontaneously
2 minutes
Bradycardia with signs of poor perfusion
Pulse rate< _____/min
Pallor, cyanosis, mottling despite adequate ventilations and oxygen support
Cardiac output is largely dependent on heart rate
Start ______!!!!
60
CPR
