BASIC LIFE SUPPORT (BLS) Flashcards by Iseoluwa Ojo

Steps in CPR
 D - __________
 R – __________
 C- __________
 A - __________
 B - __________

 D - Danger
 R – Responsiveness  C- Circulation
 A - Airway
 B - Breathing

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Danger

__________________________________
Manual Handling
Beware of environmental danger:
 traffic, electricity, water, gas Corrosive chemicals via skin, RT
Infection - N.meningitidis, T.B, HIV, SARS

Eliminate or minimise risk to rescuer

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How to check for responsiveness?

Tap and shout

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If victim is unresponsive and not breathing normally!!!

__________________________ / Get ______

Start _______ immediately

In all adults, children and infants, start
with _________________________.
*HCP may incorporate additional information to aid arrest recognition

ACTIVATE the Emergency response team

AED

CPR

CHEST COMPRESSIONS

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CHEST COMPRESSIONS

Heel position: _________ of Chest/ _________ of sternum

Depth: at least ____” (____cm)

Rate: ________ compressions/ minute Ratio: ___: ____
Allow complete recoil after each on.

middle; lower 1⁄2

2; 5

100; 30;2

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Mechanism For Forward Blood Flow

Chest compressions produce forward blood flow by
– _________ Pump
- ___________ pump

Cardiac

Thoracic

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Effective Chest compressions can only achieve about _____% of normal cardiac output!

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Chest compressions:
Depress sternum ___-___ cm
Rate: ______-______ per minute

5-6

100 - 120

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Encourage ____________ CPR for an un-trained rescuer

Hands-only

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AIRWAY
Open up the airway

A. _________________
B.______________

Head-tilt & Chin-lift

Jaw thrust

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Head-tilt, chin-lift

Place one handon the victims ———— and _____ to tilt the head back

Place fingers of the other hand under the ______________________________
Lift the jaw to bring the chin forwards

forehead; push

bony prominence of the lower jaw near the chin

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Jaw Thrust

Jaw thrust results in minimal _____________________

movement of cervical spine.

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Jaw Thrust
Indicated when _________________ is suspected.

C-spine fracture

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Jaw thrust brings ————— __________ , relieves obstruction by _______ and __________

mandible forward

soft palate and epiglottis

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Jaw thrust
Place index and other fingers _____________________

Apply (forward or backward?) and (upward or downward?) pressure

behind angle of mandible

Forward; upward

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RESCUE BREATHING

Aka ‘ _________________________’

Use a __________ or _____________ device

Connect to ____________
Deliver each breath over _____ second
Every _____ seconds (____ventilations/ min)

Expired air ventilation

pocket-mask or Bag-mask

an oxygen source; 1; 6; 10

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Rescue Breathing

Tidal volume to be sufficient to ______________
Allow _____________.

make the chest rise

exhalation

Rescue breathing (Expired air ventilation)

 ____-_____% oxygen
 Occlude _________
 Maintain ____________
 Take a ________
 Ensure a good _____________

16 - 17

victim’s nose

chin lift

deep breath

mouth-to-mouth

Rescue breathing (Expired air ventilation)

Blow steadily(——— sec)* into victim’s mouth
Watch for _______
Maintain _________ , remove mouth
Watch _________

1; chest rise

chin lift

chest fall

Mouth to Pocket mask ventilation
Advantages:
Avoids _______________________
Decreases potential for —————
Allows oxygen _____________

Limitations:
•Maintenance of ____________
•________ inflation

direct person to person contact

cross infection

enrichment

airtight seal; Gastric

Chest compression: Breath ratio
 _____ compressions : ___ breaths for
1-person CPR
2-person CPR

2nd rescuer should take over chest compressions after ___________ to prevent fatigue and maintain quality of compressions.

30;2

2 minutes

Once the ____________ is ____________, compressions and ventilations are independent

trachea is intubated

When to go for help?

Go for help immediately:
_______________ rescuer
Single rescuer:  _______ with ________ problem, once established that patient _____________

More than one

adult; cardiac
not breathing

When to go for help?

CPR for 2 minutes first:
 ___________
 ___________
________ or _____________
_________ or _________

Trauma
Drowning

Drug or alcohol intoxication

Infant or child

AED =???

Automated external defibrillator

Use an AED for a pregnant woman in cardiac arrest as you would for any victim of cardiac arrest. T/F

CPR in pregnancy If the woman begins to move, speak, blink, or otherwise react, _________ and roll her onto her _________

stop CPR Left side

Pediatric Resuscitation PREVENTION! Causes of cardiac arrest most commonly __________ ; ___________ problems Optimal resuscitation is ______________________________________ Infant :< 1year Child :1year – puberty(secondary breast dev. or presence of pubic hair)

asphyxia ; respiratory combination of compressions and ventilations

Causes of paed Cardiac arrest Infants - preventable causes e.g.______, _________ illnesses + Severe ___________ & __________ Children 1-5years – ________,_________

RTI; Diarrheal Dehydration & Shock trauma, accidents

Prevention of Paed CA  Health education  ____________  Adequate _________  Exclusive ______________  _____________ sanitation  Safe water  Injury prevention(environmental safety etc)

Immunizations nutrition; breastfeeding Environmental

Early & effective bystander CPR Immediate by-stander CPR is crucial to survival ________ should be provided for the first ___________ if a lone-rescuer before EMS is activated (phone _____ & not phone _______!). If 2-rescuer CPR, then second rescuer to activate EMS immediately while first rescuer commences CPR

CPR; 2 minutes fast; first

Recognition and Activation Cardiac arrest if __________ and _______________ PULSE CHECK?: You may but take no longer than ___________! (reliability) Start CPR! _______ sequence(irrespective of cause) ACTIVATION to be __________ with Start of CPR If lone rescuer, then 2 minutes of CPR before activation

unresponsive; not breathing NORMALLY 10seconds C.A.B ; simultaneous

Paed Chest Compressions Push (Soft or Hard?) and Push(Slow or Fast?)! Compression site _______________________ in infants ___________________ in children Compression depth Depress sternum ________ of chest circumference Or infant : _____ inch”(____cm) and Child ___ inch”(____cm)

Hard; fast 1 fingers-breath below inter-nipple line Lower 1⁄2 of sternum 1/3rd; 1.5; 4 ; 2 ;5

Paed Compression rate Rate of _____/minute Allow _____________________ Minimize interruptions(‘No-flow / Hands-off time’) Avoid excessive __________

100 complete chest recoil ventilations

______________ chest compression technique in infant (1 rescuer) ________________________ hands chest compression in infant (2 rescuers).

Two-finger Two thumb-encircling

For infants, if the rescuer is unable to achieve guideline-recommended depths (at least __________ the diameter of the chest), it may be reasonable to ________________________.

one third use the heel of 1 hand

The “no-flow interval” is the time from ————— to ________________________

cardiac arrest to initiation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).

Coordinate compressions and ventilations Ratios : ____:____ , if lone rescuer __:____, if two rescuers Once advanced airway is placed compressions and ventilations are _______ Compressions:______/min, ventilate ______ /min(a breath every 2-3secs)

30:2; 15:2 independent 100; 20- 30

Inadequate breathing with a definite pulse Immediate _________ 1 breath every ________ seconds= 20-30/min Continue till ____________ Check for a pulse every __________

ventilations 2-3; breathing spontaneously 2 minutes

Bradycardia with signs of poor perfusion Pulse rate< _____/min Pallor, cyanosis, mottling despite adequate ventilations and oxygen support Cardiac output is largely dependent on heart rate Start ______!!!!

60 CPR