Breasts / Abdomen Flashcards
What are you inspecting in a breast examination?
- dimpling
- retraction
- colour changes
- swelling
- breast tissue/areola/nipple
- for most people, the breasts will be slightly asymmetrical
What are the three methods for making skin retraction of the breasts more obvious?
- hands above head
- pressing hands together
- pressing hands into hips
What are you palpating in a breast examination?
- lymph nodes in axilla
- masses, tenderness
- palpation may increase discharge from the nipple
lifetime considerations of the breasts for infants
newborns often have breast engorgement and nipple discharge.
superfluous nipples may be associated with renal conditions
lifetime considerations of the breasts for children
female breast development starts around 9 - 13 years of age
minor gynocomastia may happen during puberty for males.
lifetime considerations of the breasts for older adults
breasts lose firmness and shape
lump detection often easier due to less dense tissue
What are the 4 quadrants?
Right Upper Quadrant
Left Upper Quadrant
Right Lower Quadrant
Left Lower
organs in the right upper quadrant?
- Liver
- Gallbladder
- Duodenum
- head of pancreas
- right adrenal gland
- upper lobe of right kidney
- section of ascending colon
- section of transverse colon
What are the 9 regions?
- right hypochondriac
- epigastric
- left hypochondriac
- light lumbar
- umbilical
- left lumbar
- right inguinal
- hypogastric
- left inguinal
quadrants in the left upper quadrant
- left lobe of liver
- stomach
- spleen
- upper lobe of left kidney
- pancreas
- left adrenal gland
- splenic flexure of colon
- section of transverse colon
- section of descending colon
organs in the left upper quadrant
- left lobe of liver
- stomach
- spleen
- upper lobe of left kidney
- pancreas
- left adrenal gland
- splenic flexure of colon
- section of transverse colon
- section of descending colon
organs in the left lower quadrant
- lower lobe of left kidney
- sigmoid colon
- section of descending colon
- left ovary
- left fallopian tube
- left ureter
- left spermatic cord
- part of uterus
organs in the right hypochondriac
right lobe of liver gallbladder part of duodenum hepatic flexure of colon upper half of right kidney suprarenal gland
organs in the epigastric region
- aorta
- pyloric end of stomach
- part of duodenum
- pancreas
- part of liver
organs in the left hypochondriac
stomach spleen tail of pancreas splenic flexure of colon upper half of left kidney part of jejunum and ileum
organs in the right lumbar region
ascending colon
lower half of right kidney
part of the duodenum and jejunum
organs in the umbilical region
- omentum
- mesentery
- lower part of duodenum
- part of jejunum and ileum
organs in the left lumbar region
descending colon
lower half of left kidney
part of jejunum and ileum
organs in the right inguinal
caecum appendix lower end of ileum right ureter right spermatic cord right ovary
organs in the hypogastric
ileum
bladder
uterus
organs in the left inguinal
- sigmoid colon
- left ureter
- left spermatic cord
- left ovary
Health assessment interview for abdominal assessment
- explore chief complaint
- assess history of abdominal disorders
- medications
- family history
- related disorders
- nutritional and alcohol history
- weight changes
- bowel habits
- psychosocial factors that affect stress
What is inspected when conducting an abdominal assessment?
- skin integrity and colour
- contour and symmetry
- aortic pulsations
- rashes, lesions, scars, stretchmarks
What is auscultated when conducting an abdominal assessment?
- bowel sounds (listen for 1 minute in each quadrant
- vascular sounds
- friction rubs (peritonitis)
