Breast etc Flashcards
Breast abscess MRSA?
– MRSA – trimethoprim 160-800mg BD PO
stellate mass on XR
Radical scar
Biopsy ± excision
clear / blood-stained discharge
Intraductal papilloma
Microdochectomy (removal or lactiferous duct) is the tx
Risk of BRCA?
o 1st degree relative premenopausal relative with breast cancer
o Paget’s disease of the nipple
An eczematoid change of the nipple associated with an underlying breast malignancy
Present in 1-2% of patients with breast cancer (in half of these patients, it is associated with an underlying mass lesion 90% = invasive carcinoma; 10% = carcinoma in situ)
Breast lymph drainage
75% to lateral axillary nodes
o Radiotherapy recommendations?
Recommended after WLE
Recommended after mastectomy if T3 or T4 or ≥4 +ve LNs
Coroner Referral
o Unexpected or sudden deaths
o Not seen within 14 days before death
o Death occurs within 24 hours of hospital admission
o Accidents, injuries and suicide
o Industrial injury or disease (e.g. asbestosis)
o Deaths occurring as a result of ill treatment, starvation or neglect
o Death occurred during an operation or before recovery from the effect of an anaesthetic
o Poisoning, including taking illicit drugs
o Stillbirths - if there is doubt as to whether the child was born alive
o Prisoner or people in police custody
o Service disability pensioners
Tetanus?
o Had full course of tetanus vaccines, with the last dose > 10yo:
Tetanus prone wound reinforcing dose of vaccine
High-risk wounds reinforcing dose of vaccine + tetanus IVIG
1st line for major bowel resection pain relief?
Spinal/epidural
o Painless ulcer (perianal) + painful lymphadenopathy
LGV
o Painful ulcer + painful lymphadenopathy
= chancroid
Haemophilus ducreyi; S/S: painful sharply defined and ragged ulcer with painful lymphadenopathy
Typhoid s/s
Cough (dry) Anorexia (WL +++)
Malaise, myalgia GI symptoms (by 2nd week; diarrhoea or constipation)
Sphygmothermic dissociation / Faget’s (fever, bradycardia)
Picture: splenomegaly, bradycardia, trunk rose-spots
Ix and mx?
Investigations:
Blood culture [diagnostic]
Other – FBC, LFTs, stool culture
Management:
1st line = IV ceftriaxone OR IV cefotaxime
2nd line = PO azithromycin
dengue
Primary infection:
* Headache (retro-orbital)
* Fine erythematous sunburn-like rash (50%)
* High fever and myalgia
Other = hepatomegaly, abdominal distension
Severe = low WCC, low platelets, haemorrhage
Ix & mx dengue?
supportive treatment
Neurological lesions HIV?
o Toxoplasmosis multiple lesions, ring enhancement, thallium SPECT -ve
o CNS lymphoma single lesion, homogenous enhancement, thallium SPECT +ve
Chlamydia tx?
Azithromycin stat♀️ or doxycycline
Gonorrhoea tx?
Azithromycin stat + ceftriaxone IM stat♀️
Chronic sickle cell?
hydroxyurea/hydroxycarbamide
Myasthenia Gravis Ix?
Antibodies and EMG
Thymomas are associated with what?
Thymomas
Tuberous sclerosis
AD; ash-leaf spots (fluoresce under UV), Shagreen patches, butterfly angiofibromas, subungual fibromata, cafe-au-lait spots
Eye. nerve palsies
CN IV palsy - eye up, vertical diplopia (trauma)
CN VI palsy - eye medial, horizontal diplopia (raised ICP)