Breast Cancer Flashcards
What is the 10 year survival for Breast cancer?
80%
Describe the National Breast Cancer Screening
50-71 year olds are invited to screening every 3 years. There is currently a trial to examine effectiveness of extending age bracket. Those at moderate risk may be screened from 40 years old. If 71 or over, patients can self-refer. Screening is via a mammogram.
What are the risk factor for Breast cancer?
Age
Personal and family history (breast, ovarian)
Alcohol
Oestrogen exposure: early menarche, late menopause, late pregnancy, no or few children, contraceptive pill, HRT
Obesity
What genes are associated with breast cancer?
BRCA 1 and 2
CHEK 2
TP53
Where does breast cancer metastasise?
Bone Lung Liver Brain Adrenal Ovary
How might a patient with breast cancer present?
Nipple retraction Nipple discharge Crusting of areola Redness or pitting of skin Lump or thickening in breast or underarm that is painless Change in size of contours of breast
What is the NICE criteria for referral for Breast cancer via the suspected cancer pathway referral (two week wait)?
Women aged 30 and over with unexplained breast lump
Women aged 50 and over with symptoms in one nipple
What investigation is more sensitive if a patient is less than 35 years old?
USS of Breast (or MRI)
What are the two most common histological types of invasive breast cancer?
Invasive ductal carcinoma (80%)
Invasive lobular carcinoma (10%)
What is meant by “in-situ” carcinoma?
Cancerous cells in normal tissue do not breach the basement membrane
Which receptors guide choice of hormonal treatment?
HER-2
ER
PR
What imaging modality is more commonly used for young women and why?
USS. Young women have denser breast tissue (lots of glandular and connective tissue) and less fatty tissue.
What cause of a breast lump is commonest in younger patients?
Fibroadenoma
What age group do fibrocystic changes most commonly affect?
Ages 30-40
What non-malignant cause of a breast lump would you consider in a women aged 50 plus?
Cyst
What the life time risk for breast cancer?
1 in 8
What proportion of women who are sent for further assessment following a mammogram are diagnosed with breast cancer?
25% (1 in 4)