Breast Flashcards
Name 3 causes of gyaecomastia?
Increase oestrogen
Drugs - prescribed and cannabis
Liver disease
What part of breast tissue grows in gynaecomastia?
Ductal
What is a hamartoma?
Disordered collection of normal breast tissue - lobules,stroma and fat
What age group is fibrocystic change most common in?
Pre menopausal women
What does fibrocystic change look like on pathology?
Blue, thin walled
What does a fibroadenoma feel like?
Painless, firm mobile mass. Well circumscribed, rubbery
What is sclerosing adenosis?
Disorderly proliferation of acini and stroma
What sort of core does a radial scar have?
Fibroelastic
Name 2 causes of fat necrosis?
Trauma and warfarin
What risk factor is duct ectasia associated with?
Smoking
What organisms cause acute mastitis in lactation?
Staph aureus, strep pyogenes
Name 2 benign breast tumours?
Phyllodes tumour
Intraduct papilloma
What % of breast malignancies are DCIS?
15-20%
What is paget’s?
High grade DCIS extending along the ducts to reach niple
What % of DCIS progress to invasion?
75%
Name 5 risk factors for invasive breast cancer?
Menarche before 12 First child after 30 years Nulliparity Age at menopause after 55 Hormones - OCP, HRT Alcohol Smoking Family history
What cancers do BRCA 1 + 2 cause?
1 - breast, ovarian, bowel, prostate
2 - breast, ovarian, prostate, pancreatic
What cancers do TP53 cause?
Childhood sarcoma, brain, leukaemia, adrenocortical cancer, breast
What % of breast cancers does BRCA cause?
2%
What is the lifetime risk of breast cancer with BRCA?
45-64%
What is the 5 year survival rate for invasive breast cancer?
85%
What is the commonest site of breast cancer?
Ductal
What does ER tell you about the cancer?
Predicts the response to anti oestrogen therapy - oophrectomy, tamoxifen
What does HER2 tell you about the cancer?
Predicts response to Trastuzamab
