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Reproduction > Breast > Flashcards

Breast Flashcards

1
Q

Name 3 causes of gyaecomastia?

A

Increase oestrogen
Drugs - prescribed and cannabis
Liver disease

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2
Q

What part of breast tissue grows in gynaecomastia?

A

Ductal

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3
Q

What is a hamartoma?

A

Disordered collection of normal breast tissue - lobules,stroma and fat

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4
Q

What age group is fibrocystic change most common in?

A

Pre menopausal women

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5
Q

What does fibrocystic change look like on pathology?

A

Blue, thin walled

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6
Q

What does a fibroadenoma feel like?

A

Painless, firm mobile mass. Well circumscribed, rubbery

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7
Q

What is sclerosing adenosis?

A

Disorderly proliferation of acini and stroma

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8
Q

What sort of core does a radial scar have?

A

Fibroelastic

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9
Q

Name 2 causes of fat necrosis?

A

Trauma and warfarin

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10
Q

What risk factor is duct ectasia associated with?

A

Smoking

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11
Q

What organisms cause acute mastitis in lactation?

A

Staph aureus, strep pyogenes

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12
Q

Name 2 benign breast tumours?

A

Phyllodes tumour

Intraduct papilloma

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13
Q

What % of breast malignancies are DCIS?

A

15-20%

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14
Q

What is paget’s?

A

High grade DCIS extending along the ducts to reach niple

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15
Q

What % of DCIS progress to invasion?

A

75%

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16
Q

Name 5 risk factors for invasive breast cancer?

A 
Menarche before 12
First child after 30 years
Nulliparity
Age at menopause after 55
Hormones - OCP, HRT
Alcohol
Smoking
Family history
17
Q

What cancers do BRCA 1 + 2 cause?

A

1 - breast, ovarian, bowel, prostate

2 - breast, ovarian, prostate, pancreatic

18
Q

What cancers do TP53 cause?

A

Childhood sarcoma, brain, leukaemia, adrenocortical cancer, breast

19
Q

What % of breast cancers does BRCA cause?

A

2%

20
Q

What is the lifetime risk of breast cancer with BRCA?

A

45-64%

21
Q

What is the 5 year survival rate for invasive breast cancer?

A

85%

22
Q

What is the commonest site of breast cancer?

A

Ductal

23
Q

What does ER tell you about the cancer?

A

Predicts the response to anti oestrogen therapy - oophrectomy, tamoxifen

24
Q

What does HER2 tell you about the cancer?

A

Predicts response to Trastuzamab

Reproduction (7 decks)

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