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PE 8 Hour Exam > Breadth - Water Resources > Flashcards

Breadth - Water Resources Flashcards

1
Q

if pressure is measured from a vaccuum then what type of pressure is it?

A

absolute pressure

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2
Q

if pressure is measured from a gage then what type of pressure is it?

A

gage

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3
Q

how do you convert ftsq per sec to gpm?

A

multiple fps by 449

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4
Q

what is the equation for pressure head?

A

pressure / gamma

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5
Q

if you have a pump in a bernoulli’s equation problem what side of the equation should it go on?

A

the left side

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6
Q

if you have a turbine, valve loss, or friction losses, where should it go in the bernoulli’s equation?

A

it should be added to the right side of the equation

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7
Q

what is another name for the bernoulli’s equation?

A

energy grade line

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8
Q

what is the HGL?

A

it is the hydraUlic grade line and it depicts potential energy plus pressure head

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9
Q

how do you convert MGD to cfs?

A

you must multiply MGD by 1.55

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10
Q

how can you calculate friction losses?

A

you can use the darcy weishback or hazen williams equation

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11
Q

what does it mean to have turbulent flow?

A

it means that the velocity are so great that it cannot dampen out disturbances caused by surface roughness

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12
Q

what is laminar flow?

A

its a smooth flow in water with a relatively low velocity. surface area ofd the pipe is probably smooth as well

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13
Q

what are the steps to solving a darcy-weisbach problem?

A

first calculate velocity, then determine the reynold’s number and the flow type, then plug into equation and solve

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14
Q

can you convert head loss to pressure drop? if so what is the conversion?

A

yes you can. divide your head by 2.31 to get psi

1 psi = 2.31 ft

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15
Q

when calculating head loss in pipes what is important to remember?

A

always include the exit and entrance values when finding the minor head losses

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16
Q

when froude’s number is 1, what does that mean?

A

it means that the flow is critical and unstable

17
Q

what is a hyteograph?

A

a hyteograph measures the rainfall intensity during a period of time

18
Q

when using the average method in hydrology what is important to remember about the 1/n value?

A

n is equal to number of gauges minus the number of missing readings

19
Q

what is IDF?

A

it is a curve that gives the duration and the intensity of a storm

20
Q

what is a storm frequency?

A

it determines the probability of a certain storm occuring or not occuring

21
Q

what is the reliability formula for rain storms?

A

reliability is the event of recurrence of it NOT occurring in N years

P(f) = (1/1/F)^n

22
Q

what is effective rainfall?

A

effective rainfall is total rainfall - losses. aka the portion of rainfall that is available as overland supply

23
Q

what is a hydrograph?

A

it is a graph showing runoff with respect to time for a given rainfall event

24
Q

how do you find the direct runoff using the graph?

A

you need to find the area of the triangle so bh(1/2)

25
Q

what is a unit hydrograph?

A

its a hydrograph of direct runoff observed due to 1 unit or 1 inch. values cannot exceed 1 in either

26
Q

what does a higher curve number mean?

A

a higher curve number means more runoff per unit of rainfall

27
Q

what is the abstraction/retention value S?

A

it is the maximum depth of water that can infiltrate under existing conditions

28
Q

what is time of concentration?

A

its the amount of time it takes a particle of water to travel to the outflow location

29
Q

what is the hydraulic path?

A

it is the most remote path that a water drop can travel

30
Q

what is a shallow concentrated flow?

A

its a small rivulets of different flows

31
Q

why does urbanization increase discharge?

A

urbanization has an increase in pavement which in turn increases flow, and theres nothing to absorb or reduce the flow such as soils and other natural materials

32
Q

what is the purpose of stormwater management?

A

control peak rate of runoff, control the volume of runoff, improve water quality, decrease downstream channel erosion, and promote the recharge of stormwater

33
Q

how do you determine the detention storage volume?

A

Vin - Vout

determine the water being detained from the water shed. find the surface area of the detention basin and subtract from there

34
Q

direct runoff hydrograph is the result of what?

A

rainfall excess

35
Q

when dealing with a bernoulli’s equation problem with a free flow jet at the end what value can be assumed as 0?

A

pressure is assumed to be 0. not velocity

36
Q

what is the average water consumption a day?

A

100-125 gpcd. for problems use the maximum which is 125 gpcd

37
Q

is a rushing erosion a stormwater erosion classification?

A

no it is not

38
Q

what can reduce the chances of cavitation happening in pipes?

A

lowering the pump elevation and increasing the suction diameter

PE 8 Hour Exam (8 decks)

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