Breadth - Construction Flashcards
what does in-situ condition mean?
in-situ means a natural condition aka the bank condition
what happens with air during the loose condition?
because the soil has become undisturbed it
what is bank cubic yard?
BCY is the volume of the weight of soil that is undisturbed
what is compacted CY?
compacted CY is the volume of the loose soil that will be compacted at the construction site
what is loose CY?
loose CY is the volume of the soil that has been dug up from the earth and is being transported from its excavated site
what is a mass diagram?
a mass diagram is a graph that records the cumulative earthwork volume moved along an alignment
what does a mass diagram tell us?
it tells us how to determine the average haul, free haul, and overhaul on a given segment
tells contractors and inspectors the quantity of material moved and how far it can be economically moved
what does a positive grade on a mass diagram tell us?
that is an indication that cuts will be needed
what does a negative grade on a mass diagram tell us?
that is an indication that fills will be needed
what is a turning point on a mass diagram?
a turning point is the lowest or highest point along the curve which indicates when the curve will go from a cut to fill and vice versa
what is free haul distance?
free haul distance is the number of stations that soil can be hauled to without charging them
what is overhaul?
overhaul is the distance in which it will cost extra to move soil around.
what is the formula for overhaul?
volume x distance = CY sta
how can you tell when a project is balanced?
the point starts and ends at 0
what is overhaul distance as a formula?
total haul - free haul distance
what is the second method discussed in the video to determine overhaul?
first you find the center distance between the 2 overhaul areas and then subtract it by the free haul distance
how do you find the area of the overhaul?
just use the formula for area of a triangle and add both ends of the overhaul distance
what is the limit of economic haul distance?
it is the maximum overhaul distance plus freehaul distance beyond which it is more economical to waste and borrow than to pay for hauling
what is offset staking?
offset staking is when you place a wooden rod into the ground and on the stake there is information on it
what does RPSS mean on stakes?
reference point of slope staking
how do you convert BCY to LCY?
loose volume * (1+Swell factor)
what is erosion?
the process in which land surfaces is work away by water, air, and wind
what is sedimentation?
process by which the eroded material is transported and deposited by water, wind, ice, and gravity
what are the impacts of contruction activities?
removal of organic soil matter, removal of vegetation, reshaping ground surface contours
how does vegetation affect construction/soil?
absorbs raindrop impact, reduces detachment, roots hold soil in place, slows water flow, adds organic material to the soil, reduces runoff, and increases infiltration
what are some methods of dust control?
mulches, existing trees/shrubs, spray on binding agents, irrigation and water spraying, and barriers such as walls and sound walls
what are the best methods of erosion control?
usually some vegetation or grass channels. non natural practices are geotextiles and chemical stabilization
what are wattles?
sediment velocity control device that is made of straw or husk encased in a degradable netting
where are wattles typically placed?
along slopes
how often should ladders be provided in excavated areas
every 25’
what must happen to employees that are suspended or working in the air?
a life harness must be provided which can withstand 200 lb
what is in the roadside safety manual?
its a book that addresses the area outside of the roadway
what is the clear zone?
it is the roadside border area including edge of traveled way, shoulder, and slopes
what tables can be found in the roadside design guide?
you can find the clear zone distances which contain foreslopes and backslopes
what is the formula for the area of the formwork?
(B+L)*D
