Breadth - Means & Methods Flashcards
how many methodologies for estimating are there? what are they?
- analogous, parametric, and cost based.
what is the definition of analogous estimating?
analogous estimating = techniques using historical data to define the cost of a typical facility such as various costs. aka top down and has a low accuracy rate
what is parametric estimating?
method which applies historical cost unit to counts or measures of work. retrieving the unit cost data from bids from prior projects.
what is cost based estimating?
does not rely on historical bid data but on determining actual costs for labor and materials. aka bottom up estimates which are very accurate but time consuming
what is a direct cost?
material costs, rentals, salary, equipment and tools, and labor costs
what is an indirect cost?
permits, insurance, fees for licenses, electricity
what is needed to find the total cost?
direct cost, indirect cost, AND how much they want to profit off of
what are quantity take offs?
calculating how much material is needed at the beginning of the project
what is SFCA and when is it used?
Sq Ft Surface Area. used in concrete forms. only used when concrete touches other surfaces
what is the standard measurement for plywood sheet?
4’x8’
what is the unit of measurement for lumber?
lumber is measured in terms of its volume. 1 bd-ft = 1’ x 1’ x 1 INCH thick = 144 in^3.
what is the volume for measure of lumber?
length (in) x area (ft2) / 144 in3/bd-ft
what are the units of volume of asphalt?
weight calculated as weight in tons = (volume x density) / 2000 lbs/tons
what is masonry?
the nmber of bricks being used
when given dimensions without specifying how should you assume what is what?
L>W>H. assume the largest number to be the length and the smallest dimension as the height
how do you find the area of brick and mortar joint?
Ab = (hb+tm)*(Lb+tm)
what is the difference between modular and nonmodular bricks?
non-modular bricks does not account for the mortar on the bricks. modular has the mortar included on the dimensions
how do you find the quantity (#) of bricks for a problem?
when looking for the quantity of bricks divide the area of the wall or structure divided by the area of the brick or the construction item
what is overhead in painting problems?
overhead is when you have to round up by a percentage
when given structural steel what is the second number (ex W21x48) what does the first and second number represent?
the second number represents the weight per linear foot and the first number is the depth of the web
what are examples of temporary structures?
formwork, shoring, scaffolding, and soldier piles
what is dead load?
dead load is the weight of the permanent construction in place
what are examples of construction dead load?
the weight of scaffolding, runways for construction equipment, temporary bridges, and concrete forms
what is a construction live load?
materials, personnel, and equipment
how many groups can construction dead loads be split into and what is the difference between the two groups?
construction fixed material load and variable material load. the difference is the magnitude and whether they are fixed
what is the lateral pressure of concrete formula?
p=wh
p= lateral pressure psf w= unit weight of concrete pcf h= depth of fluid or plastic from top
what is a cofferdam?
a cofferdam is a temporary structure to keep water and soil out for dewatering
what is important to remember when dealing with problems with braces?
it is important to find the tributary area of the forces in order to find the required forces
what is the factor of safety for any scaffolding according to OSHA?
FS should be a factor of at least 4
what should you remember to do when given an excavation problem and the soil type?
remember to check the reference manual for the appropriate and
