Breadth - Means & Methods

Question 1

how many methodologies for estimating are there? what are they?

Answer 1

3. analogous, parametric, and cost based.

Question 2

what is the definition of analogous estimating?

Answer 2

analogous estimating = techniques using historical data to define the cost of a typical facility such as various costs. aka top down and has a low accuracy rate

Question 3

what is parametric estimating?

Answer 3

method which applies historical cost unit to counts or measures of work. retrieving the unit cost data from bids from prior projects.

Question 4

what is cost based estimating?

Answer 4

does not rely on historical bid data but on determining actual costs for labor and materials. aka bottom up estimates which are very accurate but time consuming

Question 5

what is a direct cost?

Answer 5

material costs, rentals, salary, equipment and tools, and labor costs

Question 6

what is an indirect cost?

Answer 6

permits, insurance, fees for licenses, electricity

Question 7

what is needed to find the total cost?

Answer 7

direct cost, indirect cost, AND how much they want to profit off of

Question 8

what are quantity take offs?

Answer 8

calculating how much material is needed at the beginning of the project

Question 9

what is SFCA and when is it used?

Answer 9

Sq Ft Surface Area. used in concrete forms. only used when concrete touches other surfaces

Question 10

what is the standard measurement for plywood sheet?

Answer 10

4’x8’

Question 11

what is the unit of measurement for lumber?

Answer 11

lumber is measured in terms of its volume. 1 bd-ft = 1’ x 1’ x 1 INCH thick = 144 in^3.

Question 12

what is the volume for measure of lumber?

Answer 12

length (in) x area (ft2) / 144 in3/bd-ft

Question 13

what are the units of volume of asphalt?

Answer 13

weight calculated as weight in tons = (volume x density) / 2000 lbs/tons

Question 14

what is masonry?

Answer 14

the nmber of bricks being used

Question 15

when given dimensions without specifying how should you assume what is what?

Answer 15

L>W>H. assume the largest number to be the length and the smallest dimension as the height

Question 16

how do you find the area of brick and mortar joint?

Answer 16

Ab = (hb+tm)*(Lb+tm)

Question 17

what is the difference between modular and nonmodular bricks?

Answer 17

non-modular bricks does not account for the mortar on the bricks. modular has the mortar included on the dimensions

Question 18

how do you find the quantity (#) of bricks for a problem?

Answer 18

when looking for the quantity of bricks divide the area of the wall or structure divided by the area of the brick or the construction item

Question 19

what is overhead in painting problems?

Answer 19

overhead is when you have to round up by a percentage

Question 20

when given structural steel what is the second number (ex W21x48) what does the first and second number represent?

Answer 20

the second number represents the weight per linear foot and the first number is the depth of the web

Question 21

what are examples of temporary structures?

Answer 21

formwork, shoring, scaffolding, and soldier piles

Question 22

what is dead load?

Answer 22

dead load is the weight of the permanent construction in place

Question 23

what are examples of construction dead load?

Answer 23

the weight of scaffolding, runways for construction equipment, temporary bridges, and concrete forms

Question 24

what is a construction live load?

Answer 24

materials, personnel, and equipment

Question 25

how many groups can construction dead loads be split into and what is the difference between the two groups?

Answer 25

construction fixed material load and variable material load. the difference is the magnitude and whether they are fixed

Question 26

what is the lateral pressure of concrete formula?

Answer 26

p=wh

p= lateral pressure psf
w= unit weight of concrete pcf
h= depth of fluid or plastic from top

Question 27

what is a cofferdam?

Answer 27

a cofferdam is a temporary structure to keep water and soil out for dewatering

Question 28

what is important to remember when dealing with problems with braces?

Answer 28

it is important to find the tributary area of the forces in order to find the required forces

Question 29

what is the factor of safety for any scaffolding according to OSHA?

Answer 29

FS should be a factor of at least 4

Question 30

what should you remember to do when given an excavation problem and the soil type?

Answer 30

remember to check the reference manual for the appropriate and