Brazil Flashcards
Give a background of Brazil
Brazil is the seventh largest economy in the world - increased GDP per capita of $1000 between 2007-2014 - services 69% - industry 22% - Agriculture 6%
What are Brazil’s current immigration and emigration patterns?
A net loss of half a million in each of the 4 year periods - has slowed to 190,000 in 2010-2014
Increased Migration between neighbouring US . states but also Chile and the Andean states
A slowing of lesser skilled migrants to the US
A rise in the number of international labour migrants attracted by the World Cup
What period was most prosperous for Brazilian immigration?
Around 1900 with many Europeans being attracted to the rich agricultural land - especially within coffee plantations.
In the last 15 years it has slowed with 80,000 fewer immigrants living here than the start of the century.
Describe the interdependence between Brazil and Portugal
Long standing bilateral relationship on a Political, Social and Economic basis - Brazil was a Portuguese colony and Brazilian migrants still get special status.
For economic migrants portugal is a gateway to the EU - the shared language and ancestry mean migrants from both countries can easily integrate, Brazil is the 7th biggest for FDI in Portugal
Reciprocal migration is supported by well developed dispora networks in both countries - migrant remittances are still important for many families
140,000 Portuguese live in Brazil, 140,000 Brazilians live in Portugal
Describe the interdependence between Brazil and the USA
The links between them are important in political, socio-economic and environmental terms.
Thousands of low skilled Brazilians in the USA can return significant monies while those returning to Brazil bring skills and knowledge.
The service sector of the USA is gaining increasingly more highly skilled Brazilian workers.
The USA has negotiated agreements with Brazil regarding agriculture, trade, finance, education and defense.
Describe the interdependence between Brazil and Haiti.
Brazil has developed a political, economic and humanitarian relationship with Haiti.
The National Immigration Council for Brazil enables Haitian immigrants to obtain visas relatively easily in Haiti and reduces their vulnerability to trafficking networks
Haiti is trying to escape the political instability, unemployment and poverty that hit the country after the earthquake of 2010 and hurricane Sandy in 2012 so Brazil is a great help
Many intend to join friends in South-East Brazil where low skilled jobs are available in agriculture and factories
What are the impacts on Brazil’s Economic development due to migration?
Growth in agriculture and manufacturing sectors due to recent waves of immigrants from Japan, Portugal
recent arrivals of highly skilled professionals with employment contracts have contributed to reducing gaps in the labour market, as well as entrepreneurship and innovation
Migrant remittances used by families for education , housing improvements and general consumption - has contributed to development at all scales
$2.4 billion in remittances sent in 2014 - 0.1% of GDP
What are the impacts on Brazil’s Political stability due to migration?
Stable democratic political system - important member of G20
Membership of Mercosur, primarily a trading block where there is free flow of trade, capital and labour migration.
There are stable relationships between Brazil and countries that is has stable bilateral migrant flows with such as the USA and Portugal.
Brazil is an important receiver of political and environmental refugees and provides visas and work permits.
What are the impacts on Brazil’s Social Equality due to migration?
According to UNESCO inequalities exist between different ethnic groups within housing provisions, access to services and education. The largest effect is on Brazilians of African descent
Inequalities have spatial perspective with poverty concentrated in rural areas or in the Favelas to which the poor migrate.
Prejudice and discrimination in the labour market, especially against black and indigenous populations, which impedes their full economic, social and political development
Number of registered immigrants living in Brazil in 2017
736,000
Brazil GDP per capita increase 2007-14
From US$4874 to US$5823
Brazil demographics
Declining birth rate, ageing population - largest age group is 30-34
Prejudice and racism in Brazil
Traditional racism - Policy of ‘Whitening’ in 1891 - immigrants from Africa and Asia (except Japan) were banned
Haitian refugees were subject to xenophobic and physically violent attacks in multiple cities
Brazil interdependence with Paraguay
ITAIPU bi-national water company - drives economic and social development in the border region
Not all positive -Itaipu dam is controlled entirely by Brazil, and Paraguay must sell every last excess megawatt it produces to Brazil
85% of soybean in Paraguay is produced by commercial farmers of Brazilian origin
Number of humanitarian visas and permanent residency granted to Haitians after the 2010 earthquake
98,000
