Branches of Philosophy Flashcards
quiz
what word comes from the two Greek words “philo” and “sophia”
philosophy
what are Pythagoras Three Classes of Olympic Attendees
Lovers of Gain
Lovers of Honor
Lovers of Knowledge or Wisdom
sophia means
wisdom
philo means
to love
what is the accumulation of facts
and information
knowledge
what is the synthesis of knowledge
and experiences into insights that
deepen one’s understanding of
relationships and the meaning of life.
wisdom
A science that by natural light of reason
studies the first causes or highest principles of all things
Philosophy
The investigation is systematic. It has a certain steps
and procedures. It is an organized body of knowledge just like
another science.
Science
Philosophers investigate things
by using his natural capacity to think or simply, human reason
alone or the so-called unaided reason.
Natural Light of Reason
A philosopher studies human
beings, society, religion, language, god and plants.
Study of all things
The principle is that from
which something proceeds in any manner whatsoever.
First Cause or Highest Principle
“the first basis from which a
thing is known.”
The first principle
fundamental rules upon
which rational discourse itself is based.
The laws of thought
“Everything is its own being, and not being is not being”
- Each thing is identical with itself.
Principle of Identity
“It is impossible for a thing to be and not be at the same
time and at the same respect”
- Contradictory propositions cannot both be true in the
same sense at the same time.
Principle of Non - Contradiction
“A thing is either is or is not; everything must be
either be or not be; between being and not-being,
there is no middle ground possible”.
- The proposition is either true or its negation is true.
Principle of Excluded Middle
Nothing exist without sufficient reasons for its being and
existence.
Principle of sufficient reasons
Major branches of philosophy - “study of the nature of reality”
It- Necessary to drive every human being to
know what is real.
-Metaphysician’s task is to explain that part of
our experience, which we call unreal in terms
of what we call real.
-Seeks to present what is absolutely real.
Metaphysics
Major branches of philosophy
“study of the nature of moral virtue and evaluates human
actions.”
“a study of the nature of moral judgment”
Prescriptive “what ought to do”
Ethics
Origin and meaning of ethical concepts such as
good or bad, issues on universally accepted truths, and even
people’s justification of their own judgments.
Metaethics
– Concerned with the setting of
certain standards of what is morally right and
morally wrong. It also involves the formulation of
set values or moral norms.
Normative ethics
It attempts to apply differently
theories to different situations in real life such as
euthanasia, death penalty, etc.
Applied ethics
form of rules, standards, or
prescription that are strictly followed
by people. It indicates the society’s
standard of propriety, morality/ethics
and legality.
Norms
Forms of behavior that are
relatively or distinctly set away from a
norm.
Deviance
