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NA COMP > Brainstem syndromes > Flashcards

Brainstem syndromes Flashcards

1
Q

webers syndrome (anterior midbrain)

A

ipsilateral CN3 palsy

contralateral hemiplegia

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2
Q

Claudes syndrome

A

ipsilateral CN3

contralateral cerebellar ataxia

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3
Q

Nothnagels syndrome

not high enough for cerebellar peduncles to cross

A

ipsi CN3

ipsi ataxia

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4
Q

Benedikts syndrome

both- combined webers and claudes

A

contralateral weak and clumsy limbs

contralateral tremor

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5
Q

Parinaud’s syndrome (dorsal midbrain)

A

upwards gaze paralysis

conversion- retraction nystagmus

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6
Q

cause of parinauds

A

pineal gland germinoma

tectal plate glioma

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7
Q

intranuclear ophthalmoplegia

common in MS

A

lesions the side of eye will not adduct

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8
Q

one and a half syndrome

A

total lateral gaze palsy one one side

INO on the other

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9
Q

cushings triad

A

intracranial hypertension
arterial hypertension
reflex bradycardia

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10
Q

hakim triad- normal pressure hydrocephalus

- wet, wacky and wobbly

A

dementia
gait apraxia
incontinence

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11
Q

argyle-robertson pupil- classic in tertiary syphillis

A

accommodates but does not react

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12
Q

holmes-adie myotonic pupil

often in young women

A

tonically dilated pupil
reacts more to accomodation
depressed reflexes

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13
Q

physiological anisocoria

A

normal people have one pupil bigger than the other

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14
Q

marcus- gunn pupil + relative afferent pupillary defect (after optic neuritis)

A

partial optic nerve injury
brisk movements will cause paradoxical eye dilation in light because the stronger factor will be loss of light in the other eye

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15
Q

Devics disease

A

nueromyelitis optica
optic and cervical cord demyelination
mimics MS

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16
Q

raymonds syndrome (base of pons)

A

ipsilateral CN6

contralateral hemiplegia

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17
Q

locked in syndrome (basilar artery thrombosis)

A

bilateral Raymonds

both CN 6 palsy and both hemiplegia

18
Q

lateral pontine syndrome (Marie-Foix)

A
  • Ipsilateral cerebellar ataxia due to involvement of cerebellar tracts
  • Contralateral hemiparesis due to corticospinal tract involvement
  • Variable contralateral hemihypesthesia for pain and temperature due to spinothalamic tract involvement
  • CN 7 and 8
19
Q

dejerines- medial medullary syndrome

A

ipsy CN 12

contralateral paralysis + vibration+ proprioception

20
Q

wallenburg- lateral medullary syndrome

A

PICA syndrome

CN 9 , 10, 11

21
Q

hemimedullary syndrome of Reinhold

A

medial + lateral medullary syndrome

including CN 12

22
Q

brown squared syndrome

A

spinal cord hemisection
ipsi weakness/dorsal column
contra pain

23
Q

medical 3rd nerve palsy

A

vascular, diabetic affects vasa nervosum

pupil sparing

24
Q

surgical 3rd nerve palsy

A

compressive, raised ICP

non pupil sparing

25
Q

Fovilles syndrome

A

ipsi horizontal gaze palsy
facial palsy
contralateral hemi

26
Q

avellis syndrome

A

partial lateral medullary

vestibular nuclei + cerebellar connections spared

27
Q

millard- gubler syndrome

A

CN 6 + 7 with contralateral hemi

28
Q

top of basilar syndrome- thalamic perforators

A

strange behaviour
drowsiness
dream like state
eye abnormalities

29
Q

artery or percheron infarct

A

paramedian thalamic syndrome due to vessel variant

30
Q

anterior cingulotomy

A

pain asymbolia - feels pain but doesn’t care

31
Q

foster kennedy

A

olfactory groove lesion
anosmia
ipsilateral optic atrophy
contralateral papilloedema

32
Q

dominant side parietal lobe lesion (left)

A

astereogeneis - can’t identify things by touch

33
Q

non dominant parietal lobe lesion (right)

A

anosognosia - lack of knowledge of disease (unaware they are blind)

34
Q

both side parietal lesion

A

contralateral inferior quadrantanopia

contralateral neglect

35
Q

dominant (left) temporal lobe lesion

A

dyslexia
agraphia
acalculia
wernickes

36
Q

non dominant (right) temporal lobe(fusiform) lesion

A

prosopagnosia- can’t recognise faces

37
Q

occipital lobe lesion

A

homonymous hemianopia

central vision usually spared due to dual blood supply

38
Q

what can asterogenesis be associated with

A

cortical neglect = loss of contralateral spatial awareness

- patient denies existence of one side of body and visual field

39
Q

where is the lesion for cortical neglect most likely

A

right superior parietal

40
Q

why can damage to parietal lobe also cause apraxia

A

connection with premotor cortex

NA COMP (10 decks)

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