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NA COMP > Brain syndromes > Flashcards

Brain syndromes Flashcards

1
Q

ventricular shunt placement

A

right frontal or left Parieto-occiptal preferred

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2
Q

site for targeted brain biopsy

A

right anterior frontal lobe

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3
Q

destructive unilateral frontal lesion

A

patient looks towards the lesion

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4
Q

unilateral frontal lobe seizure

A

patients looks away from the lesion

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5
Q

brocas aphasia

A

motor- so can’t speak

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6
Q

wernickes aphasia

A

fluent aphasia

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7
Q

conduction aphasia

A

intact auditory comprehension
fluent (yet paraphasic) speech production
but poor speech repetition

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8
Q

transcortical motor aphasia- TMA (near brocas area)

A

word-finding difficulty
difficulty with sentence structure
lacking intonation and rhythm

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9
Q

transcortical sensory aphasia -TSA

damage to temporal lobe

A

poor auditory comprehension
fluent speech
relatively intact repetition

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10
Q

gertsmanns syndrome (angular gyrus)

A

left-right confusion
dyscalculia
finger anomia - can’t identify fingers
alexia- can’t comprehend written or printed word

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11
Q

charcots artery of brain haemorrhage (lateral lenticulostriate)

A

usually hypertensive

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12
Q

fetal posterior communicating artery

A

1/3 of people

PCA is supplied by the ICA

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13
Q

dejerine- rouse syndrome

A

central or thalamic pain syndrome

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14
Q

cavernous sinus syndrome

A

ophthalmoplegia
proptosis
horners syndrome
trigeminal sensory loss

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15
Q

ramsay hunt syndrome

A

facial palsy

painful blisters in external ear due to shingles

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16
Q

wernickes encephalopathy

A 
vit B1(thiamine) deficiency 
can lead to korsakoffs psychosis- confabulation
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17
Q

central cord syndrome (syringomyelia)

A

suspended pain and temp sensory loss

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18
Q

dandy walker syndrome

A

absent median/lateral apertures
large 4th ventricle
small cerebellum

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19
Q

arnold chiari malformation

A

posterior fossa contents ectopically located in cervical spine

20
Q

anterior spinal artery- anterior cord syndrome (artery of adamkiewicz)
- supplies lumbar and sacral cord

A

loss of urinary and faecal continence

loss of motor to legs

21
Q

abnormal cutaneous plantar reflex- babinskis sign

A

upgoing plantars = UMN lesion

22
Q

primative reflexes (frontal pathology)

A

palmomental
suckling/rooting
paratonia

23
Q

talk and die syndrome

A

extradural haematoma

ruptured middle meningeal artery from period fracture

24
Q

stria of gennari

A

white myelinated band found in primary visual cortex in calcarine sulcus

25
Q

giant cells of betz

A

layer 5 - internal pyramidal cell layer

26
Q

commons it’s of hypertensive haemorrhage

A

putamen(60%)
basal pons(10%)
cerebellum (10%)

27
Q

common sites for circle of willis aneurysm

A 
anterior communicating (35%)
ICA branches (30%)
MCA branches (25%)
28
Q

subacute combined degeneration of the cord

A

B12 deficiency, dorsal coloumn + corticospinal

29
Q

motor neurone disease/ALS

A

combines upper and lower motor neurone loss

30
Q

recurrent artery of heubner - medial striate artery

A

contra arm/face weakness

chorea

31
Q

anterior choroidal artery infarct

A

contralateral brachiofacial weakness

contralateral hemianopia

32
Q

ACA infarct or bifrontal tumour

A

abulia- apathy and loss of motivation

33
Q

dejerine syndrome - left posterior cerebral artery stroke including splenium

A

alexia without agraphia

34
Q

antons syndrome

A

cortical blindness- patient doesn’t know they are blind

35
Q

neglect syndrome - right parietal lesion

A

hemispatial neglect

hemiattention

36
Q

frontal lesion

A

behavioural disinhibition

37
Q

anosognosia

A

lack of awareness of a neurological impairment e.g. paralysis
- often in right ventral prefrontal cortex

38
Q

lesion sites that cause apraxia

A

left parietal
SLF
left frontal
genu of callosum

39
Q

agnosia

A

defect in understanding the significance of sensory information

40
Q

trigeminal neuralgia (suicide disease)

A

lancinating pain in trigeminal territory

41
Q

bells palsy

A

LMN 7th palsy

42
Q

crocodile tears

A

aberrant reinervation- lacrimal vs. salivary gland

43
Q

left angular gyrus damage

A

agraphia without impairment of speech

44
Q

frontal eye field damage

A

eyes both look towards lesions because paralysed part of body isn’t pulling them back

45
Q

aphasia

A

damage to language area

NA COMP (10 decks)

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