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BRS NEUROLOGY > Brainstem and cranial nerves > Flashcards

Brainstem and cranial nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What is the brain composed of?

A

Brain is comprised forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain

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2
Q

What forms the brainstem?

A

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla

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3
Q

What passes through the brainstem?

A

All ascending and descending pathways pass through the brainstem

Many synapse here in relay nuclei or arise directly from or synapse in other brainstem nuclei

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4
Q

How is the cerebellum connected to the brainstem?

A

Cerebellum connected to brainstem by 3 cerebellar peduncles (white fibre tracts)

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5
Q

What nuclei are in the brainstem?

A

Contains nuclei of 9 of the 12 pairs of cranial nerves – III to XII (except XI)

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6
Q

What is the internal structure of the brainstem?

A

Base
Tegmentum
Tectum roof
Ventricular system

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7
Q

What are the more detailed components of the brainstem (posterior)?

A

Pineal gland
Superior colliculus
Inferior colliculus
Dorsal columns
Trochlear nerve

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8
Q

What are the more detailed components of the brainstem (anterior)?

A

Optic chiasm
Pituitary stalk
Mammillary body
Cerebral peduncle
Medullary pyramids
Pyramidal decussation

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9
Q

Cerebral peduncles – descending tracts what are these?

A

Corticospinal and corticobulbar

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10
Q

Label this diagram of the midbrain.

A

*cranial nerves III and IV emerge at this level

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11
Q

What are components of the pons?

A

Pontine nuclei, transverse fibres and descending pathways

Cranial nerves V, VI, VII & VIII emerge at this level

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12
Q

Label this diagram of the pons.

A

Middle cerebellar peduncle

4th ventricle

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13
Q

What cranial nerves emerge at from medulla?

A

Cranial nerves IX, X & XII emerge from medulla

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14
Q

Label this diagram of the open (upper) medulla.

A
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15
Q

Label this diagram of the closed (lower) medulla?

A
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16
Q

What type of continuation is the medulla?

A

Rostral continuation of spinal cord

17
Q

Which motor pathway has fibres which cross at the medulla?

A

Corticospinal

18
Q

Describe the surfaces of the medulla.

A

Anterior surface has pyramids (descending tracts)

Posterior surface has dorsal columns
Posterior surface divided into open and closed

19
Q

What does the closed (lower) medulla have?

A

Closed has extension of central canal of spinal cord
Canal widens to form 4th ventricle in open medulla

20
Q

What does CNS blood supply come from?

A

anterior and posterior arterial systems

21
Q

Anterior arterial system is derived from which vessels?

A

Internal carotid system

(Most of the cerebral hemispheres)

22
Q

Posterior arterial system is derived from which vessels?

A

Vertebrobasilar

(brainstem)

23
Q

What is the brainstem blood supply split into?

A

Circle of Willis
Vertebrobasilar system

24
Q

What are these cranial nerves on the brainstem?

A
25
Q

What are the 2 types of nuclei in the brainstem?

A

Efferent (motor) nuclei
Afferent (sensory) nuclei

26
Q

Do you understand/ remember some of this diagram?

A

Y/N

27
Q

How can cranial nerves be grouped?

A

according to their functional components

28
Q

What are the groups of the cranial nerves according to their functional components? (7)

A

General somatic afferent (GSA)
General somatic efferent (GSE)
General visceral afferent (GVA)
General visceral efferent (GVE)
Special somatic afferent (SSA)
Special visceral afferent (SVA)
Special visceral efferent (SVE)

29
Q

What are General visceral efferent (GVE)?

A

Fibres are the preganglionic parasympathetic neurons to cranial, thoracic and abdominal viscera

30
Q

What are General visceral afferent (GVA)?

A

Fibres carry sensation from viscera of head, neck, thorax and abdomen

31
Q

What are General somatic efferent (GSE)?

A

Fibres innervate skeletal muscles

32
Q

What are General somatic afferent (GSA)?

A

Fibres carry general sensation from skin, muscles, joints of head and neck

33
Q

What are Special visceral efferent (SVE)?

A

Innervate skeletal muscles of the jaw, face, larynx and pharynx

34
Q

What are Special visceral afferent (SVA)?

A

Fibres carry taste sensation

35
Q

What are Special somatic afferent (SSA)?

A

Fibres carry special senses of hearing and balance

36
Q

What nerves emerge from the pons?

A

Cranial nerves V-VIII

37
Q

What cranial nerves emerge from the midbrain?

A

Cranial nerves II & IV

38
Q

What does the anterior aspect of midbrain have?

A

mammillary bodies, cerebral peduncles, medullary pyramids

39
Q

What does the posterior aspect of midbrain have?

A

pineal gland, colliculi, dorsal columns

BRS NEUROLOGY (22 decks)

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