Brainstem Flashcards
What makes up the diencephalon?
- Thalamus
- Hypothalamus
What is the Fornix?
-bundle of fibers that connects the hippocampus to the mammilary bodies/thalamus/hippocampus region
What makes up the basal ganglia?
- Striatum (caudate & Putamen)
- Globus pallidus
- substantia nigra
- nucleus accumbens
- subthalamic nucleus
What is another name for the genu?
Internal capsule
Where is the hippocampus?
- bulging into the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle
- posterior to the amygdala
What are the input and output of the Ventrolateral nucleus of the Thalamus?
Input: basal ganglia and cerebellum
Output: to cortex to help with motor control
What are the input and output of the Ventral posterior lateral (VPL) and Ventral posterior medial (VPM) nuclei of the thalamus?
Input: Somatosensory (dorsal column) and spinothalamic tract
Output: post-central gyrus of cortex
What is the septal area of the limbic system?
-reward center, DA
What functions are the cerebellum involved in besides movement?
- blood pressure
- breathing rhythm
- cognition (emotion)
- Language
What are the three lobes of the cerebellum?
- Anterior lobe
- posterior lobe
- Flocculonodular lobe
What are the inputs to the anterior lobe of the cerebellum?
=spinocerebellum
-all areas of the spinal cord
What is the posterior lobe of the cerebellum involved in?
planning of voluntary activity
What is the function of the flocculonodular lobe?
=vestibulocerebellum
-maintenance of balance and control of eye movements
What are the four nuclei of the cerebellum?
- fastigial nucleus (Medal)
- globose nucleus
- emboliform nucleus
- dentate nucleus (Lateral)
“Fat Guys Eat Doughnuts”
What does the superior cerebellar peduncle connect?
-cerebellum to midbrain
What does the middle cerebellar peduncle connect?
cerebellum to pons
What does the superior cerebellar peduncle connect?
cerebellum to medulla oblongata
What are the three gray matter layers of the cerebellum?
- molecular layer
- purkinje cell layer
- granular layer
What are the two main afferents to the cerebellar cortex?
- mossy fibers
- climbing fibers
What is the output of the cerebellar cortex?
purkinje cell axons (via deep cerebellar nuclei)
What does the granule cell of the cerebellum do?
- send excitatory input to purkinje cells via parallel fibers
- relay mossy fiber information to purkinje cells
What are the three major sources of afferents to the cerebellum?
- spinal cord
- vestibular system
- cerebral cortex
What are the three afferent fiber tracts within the cerebellum?
- climbing fiber system
- mossy fiber system
- multilayerd fiber system
What are the basic functions involving the pons?
- sleep/arousal
- autonomic functions (respiration)
- major link between cerebral cortex & cerebellum
