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Love Actually > brainscape_flashcards_final_80 > Flashcards

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1
Q

Question/Term

A

Answer/Definition

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2
Q

What is the Triune Brain Model?

A

It divides the brain into three parts: the reptilian brain (survival functions), the limbic brain (emotions), and the neocortex (abstract thought).

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3
Q

What is Oxytocin’s role in bonding?

A

Oxytocin facilitates bonding, especially in mother-infant relationships, and reduces stress.

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4
Q

Who developed Attachment Theory?

A

John Bowlby proposed Attachment Theory, suggesting that early attachment behaviors are evolutionary survival strategies.

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5
Q

What is Dopamine’s function in the brain?

A

Dopamine is involved in reward circuitry and reinforces behaviors; it’s often elevated during romantic attraction.

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6
Q

What are key types of love in ancient Greece?

A

Eros (sexual passion), Philia (deep friendship), Storge (familial love), Ludos (playful love), Agape (universal love).

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7
Q

What is Bowlby’s impact on institutional care?

A

His work led to changes in institutional care practices, advocating for continuous mother-child relationships for mental health.

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8
Q

How did Harry Harlow study maternal attachment?

A

Harlow used rhesus monkeys to demonstrate that social isolation results in psychological distress.

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9
Q

What are SSRIs and how do they work?

A

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) increase serotonin in the synapse, improving mood and emotional stability.

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10
Q

What is the ‘Science of Neglect’?

A

Experiments by Rene Spitz and others showed that emotional deprivation in children leads to developmental issues.

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11
Q

What is Fromm’s concept of mature love?

A

Mature love is defined by giving rather than receiving, and it requires discipline, concentration, and patience.

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12
Q

What are neurotransmitters involved in love?

A

Dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, oxytocin, vasopressin.

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13
Q

What happens when dopamine is elevated in the nucleus accumbens?

A

It increases preference for partners, reinforcing romantic bonding.

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14
Q

What are the three systems related to love?

A

Sex drive, attraction, and attachment.

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15
Q

What is the role of serotonin in love?

A

Serotonin levels may decrease during romantic attraction, linking love to obsessive thoughts.

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16
Q

What did Mary Ainsworth discover?

A

She developed the Strange Situation procedure and identified secure and insecure attachment styles.

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17
Q

What is the impact of oxytocin on relationships?

A

High oxytocin levels correlate with stronger relationships and increased social bonding.

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18
Q

What are the characteristics of secure attachment?

A

Trust, mutual support, and the use of the caregiver as a safe base for exploration.

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19
Q

How does norepinephrine affect attraction?

A

It heightens arousal and alertness, playing a role in attraction.

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20
Q

What is the significance of mirror neurons?

A

They allow individuals to empathize and understand others’ emotions by mirroring their actions.

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21
Q

What is Bowlby’s attachment theory?

A

Attachment behaviors evolved as survival strategies to keep infants close to caregivers.

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22
Q

What was the result of Spitz’s study on ‘hospitalism’?

A

Children deprived of caregiving beyond 5 months showed severe mental deterioration.

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23
Q

What did Harry Harlow’s experiments reveal?

A

Monkeys deprived of maternal contact displayed severe emotional issues.

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24
Q

What is the importance of dopamine in addiction and love?

A

Dopamine reinforces behaviors, making love and addictive substances similarly compelling.

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25
Q

What are the stages of childhood friendships?

A

Friendships evolve from companionship (ages 4-7) to mutual trust (ages 8-10) and loyalty (ages 11-15).

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26
Q

What is the Red Queen Hypothesis?

A

It posits that species must evolve continuously to survive against ever-changing threats.

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27
Q

What are the traits of popular children?

A

They are sociable, cooperative, emotionally aware, and adaptable.

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28
Q

How do SSRIs affect emotions?

A

SSRIs increase serotonin levels, improving mood but may reduce the intensity of romantic attraction.

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29
Q

What is Fromm’s view on love?

A

Love is an art requiring discipline, concentration, and the ability to overcome narcissism.

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30
Q

What is ‘primary narcissism’ according to Freud?

A

It describes a newborn’s focus on self, which later shifts outward as they depend on others.

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31
Q

What is the function of the mammalian brain?

A

The limbic system governs emotions, memory, and habits.

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32
Q

What is the role of the neocortex in the brain?

A

It manages abstract thought, planning, language, and conscious motor control.

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33
Q

What did George Saunders emphasize in his speech?

A

He highlighted the importance of kindness as a life principle.

34
Q

What did the Oneida Community practice?

A

They believed in ‘complex marriage,’ where romantic exclusivity was discouraged.

35
Q

What does the Kama Sutra teach?

A

It offers guidance on relationships, courtship, and maintaining desire in marriage.

36
Q

How does oxytocin influence maternal behavior?

A

Oxytocin promotes bonding, stabilizes emotions, and helps mothers respond to infants.

37
Q

What are the components of non-verbal communication?

A

Facial expressions, body language, touch, and tone of voice.

38
Q

What is the ‘need to belong’ theory?

A

Humans require close relationships for mental well-being and health.

39
Q

What are expressive and instrumental traits?

A

Expressive traits include warmth and sensitivity, while instrumental traits involve assertiveness and ambition.

40
Q

What is the role of vasopressin in love?

A

It supports pair bonding, particularly in males, and promotes attachment.

41
Q

What are the characteristics of unhealthy self-love?

A

It is narcissistic, self-obsessive, and focused on personal gain.

42
Q

What is the role of endorphins in emotional bonding?

A

Endorphins help regulate emotional and physical pain, promoting feelings of pleasure and attachment.

43
Q

How does separation affect infant mammals?

A

Separation from the mother can trigger distress calls, which cease when the infant is comforted.

44
Q

What are the main neurotransmitters linked to stress responses?

A

Norepinephrine and epinephrine, both involved in the fight-or-flight response.

45
Q

What is the Strange Situation Procedure?

A

A method developed by Mary Ainsworth to assess attachment styles in children.

46
Q

What did Konrad Lorenz discover about imprinting?

A

Young animals bond instinctively with the first moving object they see.

47
Q

How does cultural influence shape relationships?

A

Cultural norms affect views on marriage, cohabitation, and divorce.

48
Q

What is the importance of proximity in attraction?

A

Being physically close to someone increases familiarity and attraction.

49
Q

What is instrumental love?

A

Love based on how a person helps us achieve our personal goals.

50
Q

What is the impact of maternal deprivation according to Rene Spitz?

A

Prolonged separation from a caregiver can cause developmental and emotional damage.

51
Q

How do prairie voles demonstrate pair bonding?

A

Increased dopamine and oxytocin levels foster monogamous relationships.

52
Q

What is the significance of ‘mirror neurons’ in empathy?

A

They enable us to feel and understand others’ emotions by mirroring their actions.

53
Q

What is the function of the prefrontal cortex in relationships?

A

It helps regulate emotions, decision-making, and impulse control.

54
Q

What is Ludos love?

A

Playful love that involves fun and flirtation, often seen in young relationships.

55
Q

What is Agape love?

A

Selfless love extended to all people, emphasizing compassion and kindness.

56
Q

What are ‘expressive traits’?

A

Traits like warmth, sensitivity, and compassion, typically associated with emotional connection.

57
Q

What are ‘instrumental traits’?

A

Traits like assertiveness, ambition, and decisiveness, often linked to goal-oriented behavior.

58
Q

What did Stephen Mitchell argue about fantasy in love?

A

He believed fantasy and idealization are essential parts of romantic relationships.

59
Q

What does the ‘sex drive system’ in the brain control?

A

It motivates individuals to seek sexual union and gratification.

60
Q

What role does oxytocin play in labor and breastfeeding?

A

Oxytocin triggers contractions during childbirth and promotes milk production during breastfeeding.

61
Q

What are ‘taboo topics’ in relationships?

A

Subjects partners avoid discussing, often to maintain harmony in the relationship.

62
Q

What is ‘parent-infant attunement’?

A

It describes how well a parent responds to an infant’s emotional needs.

63
Q

What is the ‘need for mutuality’ in relationships?

A

Partners recognize and support each other, viewing themselves as a team.

64
Q

How does norepinephrine affect behavior?

A

It heightens vigilance and attention, especially during stress or attraction.

65
Q

What are the ‘phases of love’ according to neuroscience?

A

Sex drive, attraction, and attachment are sequential phases of love.

66
Q

How does serotonin influence obsessive thoughts in relationships?

A

Low serotonin levels during early attraction may lead to obsessive thinking.

67
Q

What did Fromm mean by ‘love is a verb’?

A

Love requires ongoing effort, action, and commitment.

68
Q

How does attachment impact adulthood relationships?

A

Early attachment patterns influence expectations and behavior in future relationships.

69
Q

What is the ‘holding environment’ concept by Winnicott?

A

It refers to the emotional support provided by a caregiver to help a child develop autonomy.

70
Q

What is the role of play in mammalian development?

A

Play fosters social skills, emotional regulation, and bonding.

71
Q

What is ‘hospitalism’ according to Rene Spitz?

A

A severe form of developmental deterioration due to long-term emotional deprivation.

72
Q

What is ‘anaclitic depression’?

A

A condition in infants resulting from the loss of a primary caregiver.

73
Q

What are ‘social competence’ traits?

A

Skills that enable individuals to interact successfully in social settings.

74
Q

How does testosterone influence attraction?

A

Higher testosterone levels are associated with increased sexual attraction and competitiveness.

75
Q

What is the function of vasopressin in prairie voles?

A

It promotes pair bonding, especially in male voles.

76
Q

What is ‘conditional love’ according to Fromm?

A

Love based on meeting specific expectations or fulfilling obligations.

77
Q

What is the ‘mere exposure effect’?

A

Repeated exposure to someone or something increases positive feelings toward it.

78
Q

What is ‘mutual trust’ in a relationship?

A

Both partners feel secure that the other will act in their best interest.

79
Q

What are the physiological signs of attraction?

A

Increased heart rate, sweating, and pupil dilation.

80
Q

How do animals use grooming for bonding?

A

Grooming promotes social bonds by releasing endorphins and reducing stress.

81
Q

What is the role of dopamine in prairie voles?

A

It reinforces partner preference and monogamous behavior by increasing dopamine in the nucleus accumbens.

Love Actually (4 decks)

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