2 and 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Question/Term

A

Answer/Definition

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2
Q

What is harem building?

A

A strategy where a dominant individual forms exclusive relationships with multiple partners, often for mating.

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3
Q

Why do male lions build harems?

A

To control access to females, mate with them, and protect them from rivals.

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4
Q

What is the purpose of harems in elephant seals?

A

To ensure the dominant male has exclusive breeding rights with multiple females.

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5
Q

How does evolutionary psychology view sexual selection?

A

It explains behaviors that evolved to maximize reproductive success.

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6
Q

What does the Red Queen Hypothesis explain?

A

Sexual reproduction helps species keep up with ever-changing environments and threats.

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7
Q

How does polygyny differ from polyandry?

A

Polygyny involves one male with multiple female partners, while polyandry involves one female with multiple male partners.

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8
Q

What is the relationship between harem building and reproductive success?

A

It ensures that dominant individuals pass on their genes to more offspring.

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9
Q

What role does competition play in male reproductive strategies?

A

Males compete for mates, often forming harems to maximize their reproductive chances.

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10
Q

What did Helen Fisher argue about human monogamy?

A

She suggested monogamy is the rule in humans, but exceptions are optional and opportunistic.

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11
Q

What is the significance of cultural norms in partner selection?

A

Cultural factors influence mating practices, such as monogamy or polygamy.

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12
Q

What are the main reproductive strategies in mammals?

A

Monogamy, polygyny, polyandry, and promiscuity.

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13
Q

How does resource control impact harem building?

A

Individuals with access to resources are more likely to attract and maintain multiple partners.

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14
Q

What is the role of testosterone in male dominance?

A

Higher testosterone levels are associated with increased competitiveness and mate-seeking behavior.

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15
Q

What are the different types of love in ancient Greece?

A

Eros (passion), Philia (friendship), Storge (familial love), Agape (universal love), Ludos (playful love), Pragma (mature love), and Philautia (self-love).

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16
Q

How does Agape differ from Eros?

A

Agape is selfless love extended to all, while Eros focuses on sexual passion.

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17
Q

What is the connection between harem building and social status?

A

Higher social status often correlates with the ability to maintain a harem.

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18
Q

What did Stephen Mitchell say about safety and adventure in relationships?

A

He argued that people seek both stability and novelty in love.

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19
Q

What is ‘instrumentality’ in attraction?

A

It refers to how a partner helps us achieve our goals, influencing attraction.

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20
Q

What is the ‘mere exposure effect’?

A

Repeated exposure to a person increases our positive feelings toward them.

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21
Q

What is the concept of ‘complementarity’ in relationships?

A

It suggests that partners can have different but complementary traits.

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22
Q

What is the kin altruism hypothesis?

A

It proposes that individuals may shift effort from mating to supporting relatives if mating prospects are low.

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23
Q

How does competition affect male behavior in polygynous species?

A

Males compete intensely for access to multiple females.

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24
Q

What did Freud mean by ‘primary narcissism’?

A

It describes the newborn’s focus on self, which shifts outward over time.

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25
Q

What is the ‘holding environment’ in child development?

A

The emotional support provided by a caregiver to foster autonomy.

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26
Q

What is the role of fantasy in love according to Mitchell?

A

Fantasy makes romantic love unique and is an essential part of relationships.

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27
Q

What did Fromm argue about love being a verb?

A

He said love requires ongoing action and is not just a passive state.

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28
Q

What is the relationship between love and kindness according to George Saunders?

A

He emphasized that being kind is one of the most important aspects of love.

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29
Q

What is the role of grooming in animal bonding?

A

Grooming releases endorphins, promoting social bonding and reducing stress.

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30
Q

How does oxytocin influence maternal behavior?

A

It promotes bonding and emotional stability in mothers.

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31
Q

What is the difference between polygamy and polyandry?

A

Polygamy involves multiple spouses, while polyandry specifically involves one woman with multiple husbands.

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32
Q

What are the physiological effects of attraction?

A

Increased heart rate, sweating, and pupil dilation.

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33
Q

What is the significance of the Oneida Community?

A

They practiced ‘complex marriage,’ where romantic exclusivity was discouraged.

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34
Q

What is the ‘need to belong’ theory?

A

Humans need close relationships for mental and emotional well-being.

35
Q

What are expressive traits?

A

Traits like warmth, sensitivity, and compassion, linked to emotional connection.

36
Q

What are instrumental traits?

A

Traits like assertiveness and ambition, related to achieving goals.

37
Q

What role does vasopressin play in bonding?

A

It promotes pair bonding, particularly in males.

38
Q

What are the reproductive advantages of harem building?

A

It allows dominant males to increase their reproductive success by mating with multiple females.

39
Q

What is ‘reciprocity’ in attraction?

A

We are more attracted to those who return our interest and affection.

40
Q

How do animals demonstrate social hierarchies?

A

Through dominance displays and control over mates or resources.

41
Q

What is monogamy?

A

A relationship where one individual has only one mate at a time.

42
Q

What is consensual non-monogamy?

A

Agreed-upon relationships that involve multiple partners, such as polyamory or open relationships.

43
Q

What is harem building?

A

A strategy where a dominant individual forms exclusive relationships with multiple partners, often for mating.

44
Q

Why do male lions build harems?

A

To control access to females, mate with them, and protect them from rivals.

45
Q

What is the purpose of harems in elephant seals?

A

To ensure the dominant male has exclusive breeding rights with multiple females.

46
Q

How does evolutionary psychology view sexual selection?

A

It explains behaviors that evolved to maximize reproductive success.

47
Q

What does the Red Queen Hypothesis explain?

A

Sexual reproduction helps species keep up with ever-changing environments and threats.

48
Q

How does polygyny differ from polyandry?

A

Polygyny involves one male with multiple female partners, while polyandry involves one female with multiple male partners.

49
Q

What is the relationship between harem building and reproductive success?

A

It ensures that dominant individuals pass on their genes to more offspring.

50
Q

What role does competition play in male reproductive strategies?

A

Males compete for mates, often forming harems to maximize their reproductive chances.

51
Q

What did Helen Fisher argue about human monogamy?

A

She suggested monogamy is the rule in humans, but exceptions are optional and opportunistic.

52
Q

What is the significance of cultural norms in partner selection?

A

Cultural factors influence mating practices, such as monogamy or polygamy.

53
Q

What are the main reproductive strategies in mammals?

A

Monogamy, polygyny, polyandry, and promiscuity.

54
Q

How does resource control impact harem building?

A

Individuals with access to resources are more likely to attract and maintain multiple partners.

55
Q

What is the role of testosterone in male dominance?

A

Higher testosterone levels are associated with increased competitiveness and mate-seeking behavior.

56
Q

What are the different types of love in ancient Greece?

A

Eros (passion), Philia (friendship), Storge (familial love), Agape (universal love), Ludos (playful love), Pragma (mature love), and Philautia (self-love).

57
Q

How does Agape differ from Eros?

A

Agape is selfless love extended to all, while Eros focuses on sexual passion.

58
Q

What is the connection between harem building and social status?

A

Higher social status often correlates with the ability to maintain a harem.

59
Q

What did Stephen Mitchell say about safety and adventure in relationships?

A

He argued that people seek both stability and novelty in love.

60
Q

What is ‘instrumentality’ in attraction?

A

It refers to how a partner helps us achieve our goals, influencing attraction.

61
Q

What is the ‘mere exposure effect’?

A

Repeated exposure to a person increases our positive feelings toward them.

62
Q

What is the concept of ‘complementarity’ in relationships?

A

It suggests that partners can have different but complementary traits.

63
Q

What is the kin altruism hypothesis?

A

It proposes that individuals may shift effort from mating to supporting relatives if mating prospects are low.

64
Q

How does competition affect male behavior in polygynous species?

A

Males compete intensely for access to multiple females.

65
Q

What did Freud mean by ‘primary narcissism’?

A

It describes the newborn’s focus on self, which shifts outward over time.

66
Q

What is the ‘holding environment’ in child development?

A

The emotional support provided by a caregiver to foster autonomy.

67
Q

What is the role of fantasy in love according to Mitchell?

A

Fantasy makes romantic love unique and is an essential part of relationships.

68
Q

What did Fromm argue about love being a verb?

A

He said love requires ongoing action and is not just a passive state.

69
Q

What is the relationship between love and kindness according to George Saunders?

A

He emphasized that being kind is one of the most important aspects of love.

70
Q

What is the role of grooming in animal bonding?

A

Grooming releases endorphins, promoting social bonding and reducing stress.

71
Q

How does oxytocin influence maternal behavior?

A

It promotes bonding and emotional stability in mothers.

72
Q

What is the difference between polygamy and polyandry?

A

Polygamy involves multiple spouses, while polyandry specifically involves one woman with multiple husbands.

73
Q

What are the physiological effects of attraction?

A

Increased heart rate, sweating, and pupil dilation.

74
Q

What is the significance of the Oneida Community?

A

They practiced ‘complex marriage,’ where romantic exclusivity was discouraged.

75
Q

What is the ‘need to belong’ theory?

A

Humans need close relationships for mental and emotional well-being.

76
Q

What are expressive traits?

A

Traits like warmth, sensitivity, and compassion, linked to emotional connection.

77
Q

What are instrumental traits?

A

Traits like assertiveness and ambition, related to achieving goals.

78
Q

What role does vasopressin play in bonding?

A

It promotes pair bonding, particularly in males.

79
Q

What are the reproductive advantages of harem building?

A

It allows dominant males to increase their reproductive success by mating with multiple females.

80
Q

What is ‘reciprocity’ in attraction?

A

We are more attracted to those who return our interest and affection.

81
Q

How do animals demonstrate social hierarchies?

A

Through dominance displays and control over mates or resources.

82
Q

What is monogamy?

A

A relationship where one individual has only one mate at a time.

83
Q

What is consensual non-monogamy?

A

Agreed-upon relationships that involve multiple partners, such as polyamory or open relationships.