Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

neurology > Brain tumours > Flashcards

Brain tumours Flashcards

1
Q

What are the primary brain tumours that arise in adults?

A 
Glioblastoma multiforme
Oligodendroglioma
Meningioma
Hemangioblastoma
Pituitary adenoma
Schwannoma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a gliobastoma multiforme?

A

Grade IV astrocytoma; a common and very malignant brain tumour with survival of about 1 year.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which is the most common adult primary brain tumour?

A

gliobastoma multiforme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where is a gliobastoma multiforme found?

A

In cerebral hemispheres and may cross corpus callosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does a gliobastoma multiforme stain positive for?

A

+ GFAP (astrocyte origin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

gliobastoma multiforme histology

A

pseudopalisading pleomorphic tumor cells border central area of necrosis, hemmorhage or microvascular proliferation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is an oligodendroglioma?

A

A rare slow growing tumour usually inthe frontal lobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

oligodendroglioma histology

A

Fried egg appearnce of cells with chicken wire capillary pattern

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which is the second most common primary brain tumour of adults?

A

meningioma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Description of meningioma ?

A

Common and usually benign. Occurs near surface of brain in parasaggital region. Extra-axial and may have a dural attachment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where do you most commonly find a meningioma?

A

surface of brain in parasaggital region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

presentation of meningioma

A

often asymptomatic but may present with seizures or focal neurological signs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

treatment of meningioma

A

resection or radiosurgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which cell does a meningioma originate from?

A

arachnoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Meningioma histology

A

spindle cells concentrically arranged in whorled pattern. Psammoma bodies.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Risk factor for meningioma

A

prior radiation to head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where do hemangioblastomas usually occur?

A

in the cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

which syndrome are hemangioblastomas associaed with

A

VHL syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what may a hemangioblastomas produce?

A

erythropoeitin –» secondary polycythemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

hemangioblastoma histology

A

blood vessel origin - closely arranged thin walled-capillaries with minimal intervening parynchema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Pituitary adenoma presentation

A

Bitemporal hemianopia and potentially symptoms from hormones if producing them (most commonly prolactin)

22
Q

Pituitary adenoma of lactotrophs presentation

A

overproduction of prolactin ->ammenhoria/galactorea, impotence and decreased libido in men, decreased bone density due to decreased estrogen in women

23
Q

Pituitary adenoma of somatotrophs presentation

A

acromegaly and gigantism

24
Q

Pituitary adenoma of corticotrophs presentation

A

ACTH excess -> cushing disease

25
Q

Pituitary adenoma of thyrotrophs presentation

A

hyperthyroidism

26
Q

treatment of pituitary adenoma

A

Dopamine agonists (bromocriptine, cabergoline), transphenoidal resection

27
Q

Schwannomas are usually found where?

A

cerebellopontinge angle - involving both VII and VIII

28
Q

How does a vestibular schwannomas present (one that effects CNVIII)

A

tinnitus and hearing loss

29
Q

What disease are schwannomas associated wtih?

A

NFII

30
Q

What do schwannomas stain positively for?

A

S100+ (schwan cell origin)

31
Q

Schwannoma histology?

A

biphasic, dense, hypercellular areas with spindle cells alternating with hypocellular and myxoid areas

32
Q

What are the childhood primary brain tumours?

A 
Pilocytic astrocytoma
Medulloblastoma
Ependymoma
Craniopharyngioma
Pinealoma
33
Q

What is a pilocytic astrocytoma?

A

low-grade astrocytome, the most common brain tumour in kids. Well-circumscribed with good prognosis. Benign.

34
Q

Most common location for a pilocytic astrocytoma?

A

posterior fossa (cerebellum)

35
Q

histology of pilocytic astrocytoma

A

GFAP + (astrocyte origin), rosenthal fibers - eosinophilic corkscrew fibers .

Cystic and solid

36
Q

what does pilocytic astrocytoma stain + for?

A

GFAP

37
Q

What is medulloblastoma?

A

most common malignant brain tumour of childhood. Commonly involve cerebellum.

38
Q

Presentation of medulloblastoma?

A

Can compress the 4th ventricle -> noncommunicating hydrocephalus
->headaches and papilledema.

39
Q

where may a medulloblastoma metastasize to?

A

spinal cord (drop metastasis)

40
Q

a medulloblastoma is a form of what?

A

primitive neuroectodermal tumour

41
Q

histology of medulloblastoma

A

homer-wright rosettes - small blue cells

42
Q

Where is an ependymoma found?

A

4th ventricle

43
Q

complication of ependymoma?

A

hydrocephalus

44
Q

ependymoma histology

A

perivascular pseudorosettes and rod-shaped blepharoplasts (basal ciliary bodies) found near the nucleus

45
Q

What is a craniopharyngioma?

A

Most common childhood supratentorial tumour

46
Q

What may a craniopharyngioma be confused with?

A

pituitary adenoma (both cause bitemporal hemianopia)

47
Q

What is a craniopharyngioma derived from?

A

remnants of Rathke pouch (ectoderm)

48
Q

histology of craniopharyngioma

A

calcification may be seen

Cholesterol crystals found in motor oil like fluid within tumour

49
Q

what is a pinealoma?

A

tumour of the pineal gland that may cause parinaud syndrome

50
Q

which syndrome may a pinealoma cuase?

A

parinaud (compression of tectum -> gaze palsy)

51
Q

presentation of pinealoma

A

patient cant look up, pseudo argyll robertson pupils, obstructive hydrocephalus and precocious puberty in males (may production hcG)

neurology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions