Brain & Spinal Development

Question 1

Telencephalon derivatives

Answer 1

*From prosencepahlon

Cerebral hemispheres
Caudate nucleus 
Putamen
Amygdaloid 
Hippocampus 
Claustrum
Olfactory bulbs
Lateral ventricle

Question 2

Diencephalon derivatives

Answer 2

*From Prosencephalon

Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Subthalamus 
Epithalamus (=pineal gland)
Retina
Mammillary bodies 
Neurohypophysis
Optic chiasm 
Optic tract & nerve
Third ventricle

Question 3

Mesencephalon derivatives

Answer 3

*From mesencephalon vesicle

Midbrain
Cerebral aqueduct

Question 4

Metencephalon derivatives

Answer 4

*From Rhombencephalon

Pins
Cerebellum
4th ventricle

Question 5

Myelencephalon derivatives

Answer 5

*From Rhombencephalon vesicle

Medulla oblongata
Spinal cord
Central canal

Question 6

Cephalic flexure

Answer 6

Midbrain flexure

B/t prosencephalon &rhombencephalon
Assist in bending of forebrain over anterior part of the notochord and foregut—> floor of forebrain is at the same level of the hindbrain.
Midbrain temporarily holds the most dorsal part and prominent position in embryo

Question 7

Cervical flexure

Answer 7

Located b/t prosencephalon and future spinal cord

Question 8

Pontine flexure

Answer 8

Located at the junction b/t metencephalon and myelencephalon

Question 9

Surface ectoderm derivatives

Answer 9

Anterior pituitary- derived from Rathken’s pouch

Question 10

Neural tube derivatives

Answer 10

*From neuroectoderm
CNS
Posterior pituitary 
Oligodendrocytes (myelinating cells of CNS)
Pineal gland
Retina and optic nerve 
Astrocytes

Question 11

Neural crest derivatives

Answer 11

*From neuroectoderm
Adrenal medulla
Sensory& autonomic (postganglionic) ganglia
Pharyngeal arch cartilage
Melanocytes
Schwan cells (myelinating cells of the PNS)
Meninges- arachnoid & Pia mater (Dura- mesoderm)

Question 12

Mesodermal derivatives

Answer 12

Dura mater

Connective tissue layers of the PN: endoneurium, perineurium& perineurium