Brain Regions & Functions Flashcards
which sensations relay through the thalamus?
all except olfactory
where is the insula?
sylvian fissure
what is the function of the insula?
judges degree of pain (subjective)
where is the cingulate gyrus?
medial aspect of cerebral hemispheres
what is the cingulate gyrus linked to?
limbic system
what is the function of the cingulate gyrus?
emotional response to pain
where is the periaqueductal grey?
midbrain
- grey matter around cerebral aqueduct
where does the periaqueductal grey receive input from?
somatosensory cortex
what does the periaqueductal grey contain high concentrations of?
opioid receptors
what happens when the opioid receptors of the periaqueductal grey are activated?
- substance P release is decreased
- reduced pain sensations
what does the limbic system consist of?
- cingulate gyrus
- hippocampus
- parahippocampal gyrus
- anterior perforated substance
- septal nuclei
- uncus
- amygdala
how does the limbic system operate?
influences endocrine and autonomic nervous system
how are components of the limbic system linked?
papez circuit
what is the function of the papez circuit?
- emotional expression
- memory functions
what does the hypothalamus co-ordinate?
drive related behaviours
what does damage to the hypothalamus result in?
disrupted homeostasis
where is working memory stored?
prefrontal cortex
what would removal of the hippocampus result in?
inability to lay down new memories
what is explicit memory?
conscious memory
how is episodic memory stored?
as autobiographical memory
- hippocampus
- midbrain
how is semantic memory stored?
as knowledge
- frontal temporal lobe
what is implicit memory?
unconscious memory
where are skills and habits stored?
- cerebellum
- basal ganglia
where are conditioned reflexes stored?
cerebellum
where is emotion stored?
amygdala
what type of input does the amygdala receive?
- sensory
- olfactory
what can cysts/tumours in/near the amygdala result in?
paranoia
where are berry aneurysms most common?
junction between anterior cerebral and anterior communicating arteries
what produces subarachnoid haemorrhage and a ‘thunderclap’ headache?
berry aneurysms
what are the 3 cerebellar tracts?
- corticopontocerebellar
- vestibulocerebellar
- spinocerebellar
what does the corticopontocerebellar tract convey?
information from PMC to middle cerebellar peduncle
what does the vestibulocerebellar tract convey?
vestibular impulses from labyrinths via vestibule nucleus to inferior cerebellar peduncle
what do the spinocerebellar tracts convey?
sensory input for balance and position sense
what are the inputs to the cerebellum?
- mossy fibres
- climbing fibres
what do mossy fibres convey?
afferent signals from pons and cerebral cortex
via middle peduncle
what do climbing fibres convey?
proprioception and vestibular inputs from olivocerebellar nuclei via inferior peduncle
what is the output of the cerebellum?
purkinje cell axons
