Brain Regions & Functions

Question 1

which sensations relay through the thalamus?

Answer 1

all except olfactory

Question 2

where is the insula?

Answer 2

sylvian fissure

Question 3

what is the function of the insula?

Answer 3

judges degree of pain (subjective)

Question 4

where is the cingulate gyrus?

Answer 4

medial aspect of cerebral hemispheres

Question 5

what is the cingulate gyrus linked to?

Answer 5

limbic system

Question 6

what is the function of the cingulate gyrus?

Answer 6

emotional response to pain

Question 7

where is the periaqueductal grey?

Answer 7

midbrain

- grey matter around cerebral aqueduct

Question 8

where does the periaqueductal grey receive input from?

Answer 8

somatosensory cortex

Question 9

what does the periaqueductal grey contain high concentrations of?

Answer 9

opioid receptors

Question 10

what happens when the opioid receptors of the periaqueductal grey are activated?

Answer 10

• substance P release is decreased

- reduced pain sensations

Question 11

what does the limbic system consist of?

Answer 11

• cingulate gyrus
• hippocampus
• parahippocampal gyrus
• anterior perforated substance
• septal nuclei
• uncus
• amygdala

Question 12

how does the limbic system operate?

Answer 12

influences endocrine and autonomic nervous system

Question 13

how are components of the limbic system linked?

Answer 13

papez circuit

Question 14

what is the function of the papez circuit?

Answer 14

• emotional expression

- memory functions

Question 15

what does the hypothalamus co-ordinate?

Answer 15

drive related behaviours

Question 16

what does damage to the hypothalamus result in?

Answer 16

disrupted homeostasis

Question 17

where is working memory stored?

Answer 17

prefrontal cortex

Question 18

what would removal of the hippocampus result in?

Answer 18

inability to lay down new memories

Question 19

what is explicit memory?

Answer 19

conscious memory

Question 20

how is episodic memory stored?

Answer 20

as autobiographical memory

• hippocampus
• midbrain

Question 21

how is semantic memory stored?

Answer 21

as knowledge

- frontal temporal lobe

Question 22

what is implicit memory?

Answer 22

unconscious memory

Question 23

where are skills and habits stored?

Answer 23

• cerebellum

- basal ganglia

Question 24

where are conditioned reflexes stored?

Answer 24

cerebellum

Question 25

where is emotion stored?

Answer 25

amygdala

Question 26

what type of input does the amygdala receive?

Answer 26

• sensory

- olfactory

Question 27

what can cysts/tumours in/near the amygdala result in?

Answer 27

paranoia

Question 28

where are berry aneurysms most common?

Answer 28

junction between anterior cerebral and anterior communicating arteries

Question 29

what produces subarachnoid haemorrhage and a ‘thunderclap’ headache?

Answer 29

berry aneurysms

Question 30

what are the 3 cerebellar tracts?

Answer 30

• corticopontocerebellar
• vestibulocerebellar
• spinocerebellar

Question 31

what does the corticopontocerebellar tract convey?

Answer 31

information from PMC to middle cerebellar peduncle

Question 32

what does the vestibulocerebellar tract convey?

Answer 32

vestibular impulses from labyrinths via vestibule nucleus to inferior cerebellar peduncle

Question 33

what do the spinocerebellar tracts convey?

Answer 33

sensory input for balance and position sense

Question 34

what are the inputs to the cerebellum?

Answer 34

• mossy fibres

- climbing fibres

Question 35

what do mossy fibres convey?

Answer 35

afferent signals from pons and cerebral cortex

via middle peduncle

Question 36

what do climbing fibres convey?

Answer 36

proprioception and vestibular inputs from olivocerebellar nuclei via inferior peduncle

Question 37

what is the output of the cerebellum?

Answer 37

purkinje cell axons