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CLASP Applied Anatomy & Radiology (Y3) > Brain Radiology > Flashcards

Brain Radiology Flashcards

1
Q

The arrows point to which structures?

A

Frontal lobe

Parietal lobe

Occipital lobe

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2
Q

The arrows point to which structures?

A

Temporal lobe

Cerebellum

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3
Q

The arrows point to which structures?

A

Interhemispheric fissure

Anterior horn of the lateral ventricle

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4
Q

The arrows point to which structures?

A

Suprastellar cistern

Quadrigeminal cistern

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5
Q

What is the blue section?

A

Parietal lobe

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6
Q

What is the pink section?

A

Midbrain

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7
Q

How can you determine the side of an image?

A

Patient facing you or feet first

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8
Q

In a T1-weighted image, fluid is…

A

Black

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9
Q

In a T2-weighted image, fluid is…

A

White

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10
Q

What are the 3 causes of stroke?

A

Embolism, thrombosis or arterial dissection

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11
Q

Face, leg, arm weakness suggests that which territory is affected?

A

Middle cerebral artery

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12
Q

Which artery is most commonly dissected?

A

Vertebral artery

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13
Q

Which imaging modality should be used in stroke?

A

Non-contrast enhanced CT

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14
Q

How long after the onset of symptoms of stroke can thrombolysis be given?

A

Up to 4.5 hours

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15
Q

What is the earliest sign of a stroke on CT?

A
  • thrombus in vessel – hyperdense
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16
Q

What does this show?

A

Thrombus in middle cerebral artery

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17
Q

Which changes occur in infarct stroke after a few hours on CT?

A

loss of grey-white matter differentiation & hypoattenuation of deep nuclei, wedge-shape, swelling

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18
Q

Which process occurs long-term in an infarct?

A

Liquefactive necrosis - gliosis

19
Q

What is meant by an intra-cranial haemorrhage?

A

within the brain substance

20
Q

Where is a sub-dural haemorrhage?

A

Between dura and arachnoid mater

21
Q

How does a subdural haemorrhage occur?

A

Tearing of bridging veins

22
Q

In which groups do subdural haemorrhages occur?

A
  • Usually in elderly
  • Infants – NAI
23
Q

Which type of haemorrhage will cross sutures but not the midline?

A

Subdural

24
Q

Which pathology is shown here?

A

Intra-cerebral haemorrhage

25
Q

Which pathology is shown here?

A

Extra-dural haemorrhage

26
Q

What is the pathology?

A

Subdural haemorrhage

27
Q

How does a subdural haemorrhage change over time?

A
  • Isodense homogenous over time
  • Chronic – hypodense
28
Q

Which pathology is seen here?

A

Acute on chronic sub-dural haemorrhage

29
Q

Which type of bleed will not cross suture lines?

A

Extra-dural

30
Q

Which type of bleed is associated with a lucid interval?

A

Extra-dural

31
Q

Which pathology is seen here?

A

Sub-arachnoid haemorrhage

32
Q

If a non-traumatic sub-arachnoid haemorrhage is confirmed by CT, what is the next investigation?

A

CT cerebral angiography

33
Q

What is the rule about the likely origin of intra-cranial tumours?

A

Adults - more likely to be metastasis

Children - more likely to be primary brain tumour

34
Q

Which cancers most commonly metastasise to the brain?

A

lung, breast, melanoma, renal cell, and colorectal cancers

35
Q

What is usually the first test if you suspect a brain tumour?

A

CT head

36
Q

Which tumours are most likely to enhance?

A

More aggressive tumours

37
Q

What is tonsillar herniation?

A

Descent of the cerebellar tonsils below the foramen magnum

38
Q

Clinically, tonsillar herniation is called…

A

Coning

39
Q

Why are children with brain tumours more susceptible to developing hydrocephalus?

A

Posterior fossa – pushes on 4th ventricle

40
Q

Where does the spinal cord end approximately?

A

L1

41
Q

Which imaging modality should be used in spinal cord compression?

A

MRI spine

42
Q

Where do the spinal nerves arise?

A

Below its vertebral body - apart from in cervical region (arise above)

43
Q

What kind of weighted image is this?

A

T2- weighted as CSF is white

CLASP Applied Anatomy & Radiology (Y3) (9 decks)

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