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CLASP Applied Anatomy & Radiology (Y3) > Acute Abdomen Radiology > Flashcards

Acute Abdomen Radiology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the primary imaging tools in acute abdomen?

A

X-ray CT USS

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2
Q

What is the secondary imaging tool in acute abdomen?

A

MRI

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3
Q

What are the drawbacks of using CT?

A

 Increases cancer risk  Contrast – renal impairment

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4
Q

USS allows for clear visualisation of…

A

solid organs, free fluid, aorta, pelvis

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5
Q

MRI is good for…

A

soft tissue imaging, especially in pelvis

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6
Q

MRI is used as a second-line test for…

A

hepato-biliary (MRCP), small bowel, pelvis

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7
Q

Which imaging should be used in acute appendicitis?

A

USS then CT if inconclusive

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8
Q

Diverticulitis may be misdiagnosed as…

A

appendicitis, colorectal Ca

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9
Q

What do you need to be able to do when doing imaging for suspected diverticulitis?

A

o Make diagnosis o Look for complications – abscess, obstruction, perforation, fistulae

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10
Q

Give complications of diverticulitis.

A

abscess, obstruction, perforation, fistulae

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11
Q

Which imaging modalities may be used in diverticulitis?

A

X-ray CT

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12
Q

How is acute cholecystitis diagnosed?

A

RUQ pain + fever/raised CRP/WCC + confirmatory imaging

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13
Q

Which imaging modalities are used in Acute cholecystitis?

A

USS MRCP

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14
Q

What would usually be seen on USS of acute cholecystitis?

A

 Gallstones  GB wall thickening

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15
Q

What is emphysematous cholecystitis?

A

Air in gallbladder wall

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16
Q

Who gets emphysematous cholecystitis?

A

Diabetics

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17
Q

Give common causes of small bowel obstruction.

A

adhesions, cancer, herniae & gallstone ileus

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18
Q

What are the main symptoms of small bowel obstruction?

A

vomiting, pain & distension

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19
Q

What are the main signs of small bowel obstruction?

A

increased bowel sound, tenderness, palpable loops

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20
Q

Which imaging modalities can be used for small bowel obstruction?

A

X-ray CT

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21
Q

What is the drawback of x-ray in small bowel obstruction?

A

may not detect fluid-filled loops

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22
Q

What is gallstone ileus?

A

Obstruction of the small intestine due to gallstone impaction, usually at the iliocaecal valve

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23
Q

What are the main causes of large bowel obstruction?

A

colorectal cancer, volvulus, diverticulitis

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24
Q

How can you identify large bowel on x-ray?

A

Haustra go all the way across

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25
Which imaging modality is best for large bowel obstruction?
CT - can identify cause too
26
What should you look for in bowel obstruction to assess risk of perforation?
dilation of the caecum suggests high risk of perforation.
27
What are the common causes of perforation in the GI tract?
Perforated ulcer Diverticulum
28
Which imaging modalities are useful in perforation?
X-ray CT
29
What % of CO does the GI tract usually receive?
20%
30
What % of CO does the GI tract receive in ischaemia?
\< 10%
31
What are the most common causes of bowel ischaemia?
arterial occlusion, venous occlusion & non-occlusive hypoperfusion (combination of factors)
32
What symptoms may be present in bowel ischaemia?
Severe abdo pain, vomiting, diarrhoea, distention
33
Give some clinical features of bowel ischaemia.
Borderline amylase, raised WCC, acidotic
34
Which imaging should be done in suspected bowel ischaemia?
Biphasic CT
35
Which imaging modality is often used in ureteric colic?
CT
36
How can haemorrhage control be achieved in leaking AAA?
Aortic balloon
37
How can AAA be treated?
EVAR
38
What is the role of USS in acute abdomen?
RUQ/RIF pain
39
What is the role of CT in acute abdomen?
primary imaging for acute abdo pain apart from acute cholecystitis/appendicitis
40
What are the main uses of plain film in acute abdomen?
Obstruction or Perforation
41
Which pathology is seen here?
Acute appendicitis
42
Which pathology is seen here?
Paracolic abscess
43
What does this show?
Colovesical fistula
44
Which pathology does this show?
Acute cholecystitis - GB wall thickening & gallstone
45
Which pathology is seen here? What type of scan is this?
Gallstone in common bile duct - MRCP scan
46
Which pathology is seen here?
Small bowel obstruction
47
Which pathology is seen?
Small bowel obstruction
48
Which pathology is seen?
Small bowel obstruction due to gallstone ileus
49
Which pathology is seen?
Large bowel obstruction
50
Which pathology is seen?
Large bowel obstruction Also: Caecal tumour & liver mets
51
Which pathology is seen here?
Perforation
52
Which pathology is seen here?
Bowel ischaemia
53
Which pathology is seen here?
Right ureteric calculus
54
Which pathology is shown here?
Leaking AAA
55
56
What does the arrow point to?
Normal gastric bubble
57
Which imaging would you order in suspected pancreatitis?
USS to look for gallstones
58
What does the ultrasound show?
Gallstone in the gallbladder
59
How should you prepare a patient for USS of the bile duct system?
Fast the patient
60
In the context of a patient with pancreatitis, what does this show?
Oedema - suggestive of pancreatic necrosis
61
What are the 2 major complications of pancreatitis?
Splenic vein thrombosis. Gastroduodenal artery haemorrhage.
62
What type of imaging is this?
MRCP
63
Which procedure can be used to remove gallstones?
ERCP
64
This patient was treated for pancreatitis 3 months ago. What does the scan show?
Pseudocyst
65
How are pseudocysts treated?
Percutaneous drainage
66
What kind of tube is seen here?
Nasojejunal tube

CLASP Applied Anatomy & Radiology (Y3) (9 decks)

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