Brain, Mind & Behavior Exam #3 Flashcards
in a sound wave- what is the height of the curve
(and what are the units?)
amplitude (db)
in a sound wave- what is the distance between dips
(and what are the units)
frequency (hz)
timbre
(pronounced tamber)
the unique voice/sound of each thing
(think of how we can recognize different ppl by their voices)
pinna
the ear
(the part that you can see)
Outer ear consists of what
Pinna and the ear canal
transduction
the process of changing stimulus energy into action potentials
tympanic membrane
the eardrum
its flexible
Ossicles
The bones of the middle ear. consists of the malleus, incus, and stapes.
(aka hammer, anvil, stirrup)
cochlea
a snail like structure in the inner ear that is completely filled with water.
There are 3 chambers or tubes in it
Round window
1st membrane of the cochlea
oval window
second membrane of the cochlea
scala vestibuli and scala typami
two tubes in the choclea that are basically the same
organ of corti
the organ the cochlea that converts sound into neural activity
What are the 3 main structures of the organ of Corti
- sensory cells (hair cells)
- framework of supporting cells
- terminations of the auditory nerve fibers
scalia media
the 3rd tube in the cochlea. this contains the organ of Corti
basalar membrane is _______
flexible
High frequency of sound wave will hit which inner hair (stereocilia) first?
the shorter one
lower frequency of sound wave will hit which inner hair (stereocillia) first?
the longer ones
why is the base of the cochlea detect higher frequency than the middle (apex)?
because the sound waves are tighter and are hitting more frequently (meaning that it hits the beginning right away)
why is the middle (apex) of the cochlea detect lower frequency than the base?
because the sound waves are slower and wider and don’t hit as often. They are maxamized toward the middle.
what happens to the hair cells when something loud happens
they bend
primary auditory cortex
processes sound info
how does info get into the brain from ears
ear>cochlea>cochlea nucleus>superior olivary nucleus, inferior colliculus, media genculate nucleus, auditory cortex.
temporal coding
encodes the frequency of auditory stimuli in the firing rate of auditory neurons
place coding
pitch is demermined by the location of the activated hair cells
frequency
physical property of a sound
pitch
our subjective perception of sound
intensity differences
volume. how loud is it?
latency differences
arrival. how long did it take for sound to arrive to your ear?
what are the ninaural cues to locate the source of a sound
intensity differences and latency differences
amusia
inability to discern tunes or sing; associated with subtly abnormal function in right frontal lobe and poor connections between frontal and temporal cortex
the auditory cortex is specialized for what
detection of biologically relevant sound, such as footsteps, animal vocalizations, and speech
when does the auditory cortex change
its sensitivity is fine tuned by experiences during development
heschls gyrus
A thicker part of primary auditory cortex. The heschls gyrus is much larger in professional musicians
conduction deafness
disorders of the outer or middle ear that prevent sound from reaching cochlea
sensorineural deafness
hair cells fail to respond to movement of the basilar membrane; no action potentials fired