Brain function Flashcards
Frontal lobe functions
- primary motor cortex and brocas area
- cognitive function
- judgement, reasoning, understanding, abstract thinking, short-term memory
- behavior and personality
- emotional responsiveness
temporal love functions
- audtiory cortex, sensory info (smell taste hearing sensory memory)
- visual task learning
- emotion
- long term memory
Parietal lobe
- sensory interpretation
- tactile and sense, body awareness
- spatial perception
- vision
occipital lobe
visual images and memories
mechanism of rigidity
decreased dopamine levels lead to overactive of motor neurons which would normally be inihbited
LMN is a lesion of what cell
anterior horn cell
Brunnstrom’s stages of recovery - stage 1
flaccid
Brunnstrom’s stages of recovery - stage 2
spasticity begins
Brunnstrom’s stages of recovery - stage 3
severe spasticity
Brunnstrom’s stages of recovery - stage 4
spasticity decreases, some isolated mvtms
Brunnstrom’s stages of recovery - stage 5
more complex isolated movements
Brunnstrom’s stages of recovery - stage 6
normal tone and movements
define hypermetria
the inability to grade forces appropriately for the distance and speed of a task. associated with cerebellar dysfunction
glaucoma vs macular degeneration - areas of vision lost
glaucoma = loss of peripheral vision
macular degeneration = loss of central vision
increased fall risk score on berg
<45/56
tinetti score for increased fall risk
<23/28
FTSST abromal score
> 15 seconds
ABC - activities specific balance confidence scale
- level of self confidence that you wil not fall
- score < 50 = low physical function, home care needed
- score 50-80 = moderate physical function, usually live in retirement home
Fukuda test - what is it
step test for vestibular issues. used when a patient complains of dizziness. have them stand with their EC and step in place. if they turn, it indicates vestiublar hypofunction
ALS - common s/s/
bulbar invovlement = dysarthria, dysphagia, emotional lability
UMN and LMN involvement
asymmetrical muscle weakness, atrophy, fasciculations, spasticity.
sensation, eye movement, and bowel/bladder function are preserved!!
PASS: Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke Patients
does not take into account quality of movement. looks at maintaining and changing posture. sit without support, stand with support, etc. all ranked from 0-3 (3 is the best)
sitBAT: sitting balance assessment tool
score of 0-4
sit to supine, scooting, quiet sit, look over shoulder, pick up object, etc
missing from the fugl meyer is what
function! used for patients with hemiplegia
FIM scale 0
activity not performed
FIM scale 1
total assistance. patient does <25%
FIM scale 2
max assist
FIM 3
moderate assistance
FIM 4
minimal assistance
FIM 5
supervision/set up
FIM 6
modified independence
FIM 7
complete independecne
FIM complete dependence score ranges
0-2
GAR - what is it
Gait Abnormality Rating Scale
score of 9 = fall risk
hypermetria aka
undershoot or overshoot
ACA artery stroke, how will patient present
LE weakness, incontience, speech is not affected
MCA stroke patient presentation
facial and arm weakness, brochas and wernickies aphasia
PCA stroke presentation
5Ds: dizziness, diplopia, dysarthria, dysphagia, dystaxia (drunken gait)
cerebellar signs are contralateral or ipislateral
ipsilateral! (cortical are contralateral)
what 3 things are intact with pure cerebellar ataxia?
DTRs, proprioception, vibratory sense
s/s of cerebellar stroke
vertigo!! nystagmus, ataxia, tremor
UE flexion synergy
scapular retraction, abduction, ER, supination, elbow/wrist/finger flexion
UE extension synergy
scapular protraction, adduction, IR, elbow extension, proonation, wrist/finger flexion
clinical UE synergy
shoulder adduction, IR, elbow flexion, prontation, wrist and finger flexion
LE flexion synergy
hip/knee flexion, DF, inversion, abduction/ER
LE extension synergy
hip/knee extension, adduction/IR, PF, eversion
what is irradiation?
irradiation is the overflow of neuronal excitation from stronger motor units to weaker ones. do so by applying graded resistance to larger mm groups to enhance contraction in the weaker ones
order of CSF flow
lateral ventricles - interventricular foramen of monro - 3rd ventricle - cerebral aqueduct - 4th ventricle
name the arteries off of the MCA that go to the BG
lenticulostriate
1 dysrrhthmia causing CVA
atrial fib
R hemisphere CVA characteristics
impulsive, poor decision making, L neglect, visuospatial/perceptual deficits
L hemisphere CVA characteristics
language difficulties, poor motor planning
define dysarthria
weakness of mm’s involved in speech!!
apraxia of speech
motor coordination issue! mm’s are fine
MS: what causes the clinical disability
axonal damage from demyelination! Specifically of optic nerves corticospinal tracts and cerebellum. MS = blunted HR/BP souse RPE for exercise!! (11-14)
