Brain composition

Question 1

What are the three subdivisions of the brain and what do they contain?

Answer 1

1) Hindbrain: cerebellum, medulla oblongata, pons, and reticular formation
2) Midbrain: inferior and superior colliculi
3) Forebrain: thalamus, hypothalamus, basal ganglia, limbic system, cerebral cortex

Question 2

Thalamus:

Answer 2

relay station for sensory information (except for smell)

Question 3

Hypothalamus:

Answer 3

maintains homeostasis and integrates with the endocrine system through the hypophyseal portal system that connects it to the anterior pituitary

Question 4

Basal ganglia:

Answer 4

smooth movements and help postural integrity (schizophrenia, parkinson)

Question 5

Limbic system:

Answer 5

contains septal nuclei, amygdala, hippocampus, controls emotion and memory

Question 6

Septal nuclei:

Answer 6

feelings of pleasure, pleasure-seeking behavior, and addicition

Question 7

Amygdala:

Answer 7

controls fear and aggression

Question 8

Hippocampus:

Answer 8

consolidates memories and communicates with other parts of the limbic system through the fornix

Question 9

Four sections of the cerebral cortex:

Answer 9

1) Frontal
2) Parietal
3) Occipital
4) Temporal

Question 10

Frontal lobe:

Answer 10

controls executive function, impulse control, long-term planning, motor function, speech (Brocas area)

Question 11

Parietal lobe:

Answer 11

controls sensations of touch, pressure, temperature, and pain. spatial processing, orientation and manipulation

Question 12

occipital lobe

Answer 12

controls visual processing

Question 13

Temporal lobe

Answer 13

controls sound processing, speech perception (Wernicke’s area), memory, and emotion

Question 14

Dopamine:

Answer 14

maintains smooth movements and posture

Question 15

GABA

Answer 15

Brain stabilizer

Question 16

Serotonin

Answer 16

modulates mood, sleep patterns, eating patterns, dreaming

Question 17

Lateral hypothalamus

Answer 17

hunger center and contains special receptors thought to detect when the body needs more food or fluids.

Question 18

Ventromedial hypothalamus

Answer 18

the satiety center and provides signals to stop eating

Question 19

Anterior hypothalamus

Answer 19

regulates sexual behavior sleep and body temperature

Question 20

Pons

Answer 20

sensory and motor pathways between the cortex and the medulla

Question 21

Medulla oblongata

Answer 21

regulating vital functions such as breathing, HR, BP, and digestion

Question 22

Hindbrain:

Answer 22

Medulla oblongata, cerebellum, pons, and reticular formation

Question 23

Midbrain:

Answer 23

superior and inferior colliculi. Reception of sensory and motor information

Question 24

Forebrain:

Answer 24

Limbic system, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, cerebral cortex