BIO CHEM #1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Coenzyme

A

Participate in catalysis of the reaction, by carrying the charge through ionization, protonation, deportation.
1) Small organic groups mostly vitamins or derivatives like NAD, FAD and ascorbic acid (Vit C).

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2
Q

Cofactor

A

inorganic or metal ions often ingested as dietary minerals

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3
Q

Water soluble vitamins:

A

B complex vitamins, ascorbic acid (Vit C)

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4
Q

Fat soluble vitamins:

A

A,D,E, and K

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5
Q

Michaelis-Menten Equation:

A

V=(Vmax[S])/Km+[S]

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6
Q

Lineweaver-Burke:

A

x-intercept: -1/Km

Y-intercept: 1/Vmax

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7
Q

Optimal temperature for enzyme activity in humans:

A

37 C, 98.6 F

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8
Q

Ideal pH: 1)most 2) gastric 3) pancreatic

A

1) 7.4
2) 2
3) 8.5

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9
Q

Competitive inhibition

A

inhibitor competes with substrate for active site; increases Km

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10
Q

Noncompetitive inhibition

A

inhibitor binds to allosteric site changing enzyme conformation: Decreases Vmax

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11
Q

Mixed inhibition

A

Bind to allosteric site on the enzyme or enzyme-substrate complex but has different affinity for each. If bound to enzyme-increases Km. If bound to enzyme-substrate decreases Km. Decreases Vmax overall

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12
Q

Uncompetitive Inhibition

A

Bind only to enzyme-substrate at allosteric site, decrease Km and Vmax

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13
Q

oxidoreductase

A

catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions that involve e transfers

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14
Q

transferases

A

move a functional group from one molecule to another

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15
Q

hydrolases

A

catalyze cleavage with the addition of water

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16
Q

Lyases

A

catalyze cleavage without the addition of water and without e transfer

17
Q

isomerases

A

catalyze the interconversion of isomers

18
Q

ligases

A

join large biomolecules

19
Q

cadherins

A

join two cells of the same type or similar with Ca

20
Q

integrins

A

bind cell to protein in the extracellular matrix

21
Q

selectin

A

bind cell to carbs, usually on surfaceW

22
Q

What are the common structural proteins?

A

1) collagen
2) elastin
3) tubulin
4) ketatin
5) actin

23
Q

what are the common motor proteins?

A

1) myosin
2) kinesins
3) dyneins

24
Q

Gs

A

stimulates adenylate cyclase, increasing cAMP

25
Q

Gi

A

Inhibits adenylate cyclase, decreases cAMP

26
Q

Gq

A

Activates phospholipase C, cleaves phospholipid to form PIP2 cleaved to DAG and IP3. IP3 can open Ca channels in endoplasmic retic. Increasing Ca in the cell