BIO CHEM #1

Question 1

Coenzyme

Answer 1

Participate in catalysis of the reaction, by carrying the charge through ionization, protonation, deportation.
1) Small organic groups mostly vitamins or derivatives like NAD, FAD and ascorbic acid (Vit C).

Question 2

Cofactor

Answer 2

inorganic or metal ions often ingested as dietary minerals

Question 3

Water soluble vitamins:

Answer 3

B complex vitamins, ascorbic acid (Vit C)

Question 4

Fat soluble vitamins:

Answer 4

A,D,E, and K

Question 5

Michaelis-Menten Equation:

Answer 5

V=(Vmax[S])/Km+[S]

Question 6

Lineweaver-Burke:

Answer 6

x-intercept: -1/Km

Y-intercept: 1/Vmax

Question 7

Optimal temperature for enzyme activity in humans:

Answer 7

37 C, 98.6 F

Question 8

Ideal pH: 1)most 2) gastric 3) pancreatic

Answer 8

1) 7.4
2) 2
3) 8.5

Question 9

Competitive inhibition

Answer 9

inhibitor competes with substrate for active site; increases Km

Question 10

Noncompetitive inhibition

Answer 10

inhibitor binds to allosteric site changing enzyme conformation: Decreases Vmax

Question 11

Mixed inhibition

Answer 11

Bind to allosteric site on the enzyme or enzyme-substrate complex but has different affinity for each. If bound to enzyme-increases Km. If bound to enzyme-substrate decreases Km. Decreases Vmax overall

Question 12

Uncompetitive Inhibition

Answer 12

Bind only to enzyme-substrate at allosteric site, decrease Km and Vmax

Question 13

oxidoreductase

Answer 13

catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions that involve e transfers

Question 14

transferases

Answer 14

move a functional group from one molecule to another

Question 15

hydrolases

Answer 15

catalyze cleavage with the addition of water

Question 16

Lyases

Answer 16

catalyze cleavage without the addition of water and without e transfer

Question 17

isomerases

Answer 17

catalyze the interconversion of isomers

Question 18

ligases

Answer 18

join large biomolecules

Question 19

cadherins

Answer 19

join two cells of the same type or similar with Ca

Question 20

integrins

Answer 20

bind cell to protein in the extracellular matrix

Question 21

selectin

Answer 21

bind cell to carbs, usually on surfaceW

Question 22

What are the common structural proteins?

Answer 22

1) collagen
2) elastin
3) tubulin
4) ketatin
5) actin

Question 23

what are the common motor proteins?

Answer 23

1) myosin
2) kinesins
3) dyneins

Question 24

Gs

Answer 24

stimulates adenylate cyclase, increasing cAMP

Question 25

Gi

Answer 25

Inhibits adenylate cyclase, decreases cAMP

Question 26

Gq

Answer 26

Activates phospholipase C, cleaves phospholipid to form PIP2 cleaved to DAG and IP3. IP3 can open Ca channels in endoplasmic retic. Increasing Ca in the cell