Brain Cheat Sheet Flashcards

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1
Q

Thalamus

A

Older Brain Structure; sensory switch board, processes every sense other than smell

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2
Q

Medulla

A

Older Brain Structure; controls heartbeat and breathing

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3
Q

Brainstem

A

Older Brain Structure; oldest part of the brain, newer parts are built on top of this, automatic survival functions

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4
Q

Reticular Formation

A

Older Brain Structure; controls arousal

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5
Q

Cerebellum

A

Older Brain Structure; processes coordinates voluntary movement and balance

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6
Q

Amygdala

A

Limbic System; fear and aggression

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7
Q

Hippocampus

A

Limbic System; learning and memory

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8
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Limbic System; reward center, hunger, thirst, sexual arousal

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9
Q

Pituitary Gland

A

Limbic System; master gland works with hypothalamus

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10
Q

Cerebral Cortex

A

Cerebral Cortex; outside of the brain, information-processing center of the brain

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11
Q

Cerebrum

A

Cerebral Cortex; beefy portion of brain

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12
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

Cerebral Cortex; higher order thinking

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13
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

Cerebral Cortex; recieves sensory input for touch/body position

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14
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

Cerebral Cortex; receives visual information

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15
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

Cerebral Cortex; receives auditory information

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16
Q

Motor Cortex

A

Cerebral Cortex; left hemisphere section controls movement of the right side of body and right hemisphere section controls movement of the left side of body

17
Q

Sensory Cortex

A

Cerebral Cortex; area at front of parietal lobe that registers and processes the senses

18
Q

Association Areas

A

Cerebral Cortex; not included in primary motor or sensory function, but involved in higher mental functions, Wernicke’s Area, Broca’s Area

19
Q

Wernicke’s Area

A

Cerebral Cortex, Association Areas, language processing

20
Q

Broca’s Area

A

Cerebral Cortex, Association Area, controls speech

21
Q

Plasticity

A

Cerebral Cortex; brain’s ability to reorganize itself, higher in younger people to overcompensate for damage

22
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

Split Brain; connects left and right brain hemispheres, can be severed to treat epilepsy

23
Q

Left Hemisphere

A

Right side of body/visual field, analytical thoughts, math/science, language/speech, more important functions than right hemisphere

24
Q

Right Hemisphere

A

Left side of body/visual field, emotions, artistic

25
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Neurotransmitter; enables muscle action, learning, and memory

26
Q

Acetylcholine Malfunctions

A

Alzheimer’s disease, ACh-producing neurons deteriorate

27
Q

Dopamine

A

Neurotransmitter; influences movement, learning, attention, and emotion

28
Q

Dopamine Malfunctions

A

Oversupply linked to schizophrenia, undersupply linked to tremors and decreased mobility in Parkinson’s disease

29
Q

Seritonin

A

Neurotransmitter; affects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal

30
Q

Serotonin Malfunctions

A

Undersupply linked to depression, some anti-depressant drugs raise serotonin levels

31
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Neurotransmitter; helps control alertness and arousal

32
Q

Norepinephrine Malfunctions

A

Undersupply can depress mood

33
Q

GABA (Gamma-aminobutyric Acid)

A

Neurotransmitter; major inhibitory nerotransmitter

34
Q

GABBA Malfuncations

A

Undersupply linked to seizures, tremors, and insomnia

35
Q

Glutamate

A

Neurotransmitter; major excitatory neurotransmitter, involved in memory

36
Q

Glutamate Malfuncations

A

Oversupply can overstimulate the brain, producing migraines or seizures (which is why people avoid MSG, monosodium glutamate, in food)