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Psych > 1 - History & Foundations of Psych > Flashcards

1 - History & Foundations of Psych Flashcards

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1
Q

The idea that knowledge originates from experience and therefore science should rely on observation and experimentation

A

Empiricism

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2
Q

Early school of thought prompted by Wilhem Wundt and Edward Titchener; used introspection to reveal the structure of the human mind

A

Structuralism

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3
Q

Early school of thought prompted by William James and influenced by Darwin; explored how mental and behavioral processes function - how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish

A

Functionalism

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4
Q

The study of behavior and thinking using the experimental method

A

Experimental Psychology

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5
Q

The idea that psych (1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Most research psychologists today agree with 1 but not with 2.

A

Behaviorism

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6
Q

A historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people

A

Humanistic Psychology

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7
Q

The interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language)

A

Cognitive Neuroscience

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8
Q

The science of behavior and mental processes

A

Psychology

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9
Q

The longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behavior. Today’s science sees traits and behaviors arising from the interaction of nature and nurture.

A

Nature-Nurture Issue

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10
Q

The principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations

A

Natural Selection

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11
Q

The differing complementary views, from biological to psychological to social-cultural, for analyzing any given phenomenon

A

Levels of Analysis

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12
Q

An integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis

A

Bio-Psychological Approach

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13
Q

The scientific study of observable behavior, and its explanation by principles of learning

A

Behavioral Psychology

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14
Q

The scientific study of the links between biological (genetic, neural, hormonal) and psychological processes.

A

Biological Psychology

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15
Q

The scientific study of all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and sommunicating

A

Cognitive Psychology

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16
Q

The study of the evolution of behavior and mind, using principles of natural selection

A

Evolutionary Psychology

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17
Q

A branch of psychology the studies how unconscious drives and conflicts influence behavior, and uses that information to treat people with psychological disorders

A

Psychodynamic Psychology

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18
Q

The study of how situations and cultures affect our behavior and thinking

A

Social-Cultural Psychology

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19
Q

The scientific study of the measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits

A

Psychometrics

20
Q

Pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base

A

Basic Science

21
Q

A branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span

A

Developmental Psychology

22
Q

The study of an individual’s characteristics pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting

A

Personality Psychology

23
Q

The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

A

Social Psychology

24
Q

Scientific study that aims to solve practical problems

A

Applied Research

25
Q

The application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces

A

Industrial-Organizational (I/O) Psychology

26
Q

An I/O psychology sub-field that explores how people and machines interact and how machines and physical environments can be made safe and easy to use

A

Human Factors Psychology

27
Q

A branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living (often related to school, work, or marriage) and in achieving greater well-being

A

Counseling Psychology

28
Q

A branch of psychology that studies, asses, and treats people with psychological disorders

A

Clinical Psychology

29
Q

A branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical (ex: drug) treatments as well as psychological therapy

A

Psychiatry

30
Q

The scientific study of human functioning, with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities to thrive

A

Positive Psychology

31
Q

A branch of psychology that studies how people interact with their social environments and how social institutions affect individuals and groups

A

Community Psychology

32
Q

Enhanced memory after retrieving, rather than simply rereading, information. Also sometimes referred to as retrieval practice effect or test-enhance learning

A

Testing Effect

33
Q

A study method incorporating 5 steps: survey, question, read, retrieve, and review

A

SQ3R

34
Q

“Father of experimental psychology”. Established the first psychological laboratory at the University of Leipzig, Germany.

A

Wilhelm Wundt

35
Q

Studied under Wundt. Established the first psychology lab in the United States.

A

G. Stanley Hall

36
Q

Know fro Little Albert study. Popularized the theory of behaviorism and the conditioning proccess.

A

John B. Watson

37
Q

Founder of humanistic psychology and one of the founders of psychotherapy. Viewed Freudian psychology as too limiting

A

Carl Rogers

38
Q

Pioneered the study of conditioning and learning. Famous dog study

A

Ivan Pavlov

39
Q

Psychologist who developed the theory of cognitive development

A

Jean Piaget

40
Q

Advocated for treatment for those with psychological disorders in the 1800’s

A

Dorothea Dix

41
Q

“Father of American Psychology”. First person to teach a psychology class in the U.S.

A

William James

42
Q

First female president of the APA (American psychological association). First woman to complete Harvard’s PhD requirements however was refused the degree by the University.

A

Mary Whiton Calkins

43
Q

First woman to receive a PhD in psychology and second female president of the APA.

A

Margaret Floy Washburn

44
Q

Founder of psychoanalysis. Known for their controversial theories.

A

Sigmund Freud

45
Q

Father of behaviorism.

A

B. F. Skinner

46
Q

Widely known for their contributions to evolutionary biology. Natural selection theory. Common ancestor theory.

A

Charles Darwin

Psych (7 decks)

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