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A&P 1 - Nervous system > Brain and spinal cord > Flashcards

Brain and spinal cord Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main components of the CNS

A

neuron cell bodies, myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers, glial cells

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2
Q

part of the CNS that contains most of the neuron cell bodies, “thinking” part of the CNS

A

gray matter

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3
Q

part of the CNS that contains most of the myelinated nerve fibers, the “wiring” that connects various components of the brain, makes up a network of some 100,000 miles of nerve fibers

A

white matter

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4
Q

four sections of the brain

A

cerebrum, cerebellum, diencephalon, brainstem

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5
Q

made up of gray matter in the outer most, superficial layer and white matter beneath

A

cerebrum

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6
Q

the outer most, superficial layer of the brain

A

cerebral cortex

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7
Q

a set of fibers that connects the two halves of the cerebral cortex

A

corpus callosium

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8
Q

largest part of the brain, responsible for those functions most commonly associated with higher order behaviors - learning, reasoning, intelligence

receives and interprets sensory info, initiates conscious (voluntary) nerve impulses

A

cerebrum

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9
Q

wrinkled appearance of the cerebrum is made up of folds called

A

gyri (gyrus plural)

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10
Q

deep grooves that separate the gyri

A

fissures

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11
Q

more shallow grooves that separate the gyri

A

sulci (sulcus plural)

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12
Q

most prominent groove in the cerebrum, divides into right and left hemispheres

A

longitudinal fissure

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13
Q

each cerebral hemisphere is divided by sulci into

A

lobes

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14
Q

different lobes of the cerebral hemispheres specialize in

A

certain functions

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15
Q

located just caudal to the cerebrum, second largest component of the brain, also has wrinkly surface, gray matter cortex with white matter beneath it

allows the body to have coordinated movement, balance, posture, and complex reflexes

A

cerebellum

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16
Q

damage or disease involving the cerebellum, a condition in which voluntary movements become jerky and exaggerated

A

hypermetria

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17
Q

cats with distemper have what kind of cerebellum damage

A

hypermetria

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18
Q

serves as a nervous system passageway between the primitive brainstem and the cerebrum, common name “between brain”

A

diencephalon

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19
Q

three major structures in the diencephalon

A

thalamus, hypothalamus, pituitary

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20
Q

acts as a relay station for regulating sensory inputs to the cerebrum

A

thalamus

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21
Q

an interface between the nervous system and the endocrine system

A

hypothalamus

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22
Q

the endocrine “master gland” that regulates production and release of hormones through the body

A

pituitary

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23
Q

also plays major roles in temperature regulation, hunger, thirst and components of rage and anger responses

A

hypothalamus

24
Q

the connection between the rest of the brain and the spinal cord

maintains basic support functions of the body, operates at the subconscious level

heavily involved in autonomic control functions related to the heart, respirations, blood vessel diameter, swallowing and vomiting

A

brainstem

25
Q

the most primitive part of the brain and is composed of what there parts

A

medulla oblongata, pons and midbrain

26
Q

many of the cranial nerves originate here and damage almost always results in rapid death so it is well protected by the skull

A

brainstem

27
Q

set of connective tissue layers that surround the brain and spinal cord

A

meninges

28
Q

three layers of the meninges

A

dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater

29
Q

tough, fibrous layer of meninges

A

dura mater

30
Q

delicate, spider web like layer of meninges

A

arachnoid

31
Q

very thin layer of meninges

A

pia mater

32
Q

supply nutrients and oxygen to the superficial tissues of the brain

fluid, fat and tissue between provide cushioning and distribution of nutrients for the CNS

A

meninges

33
Q

inflammation of the meninges from viral or bacterial infection

A

menigitus

34
Q

fluid that bathes the brain and spinal cord, protects from the hard inner surfaces of the skull and spinal column

circulates between layers of the meninges and through cavities inside the brain and the spinal cord

may be involved in the regulation of certain autonomic functions like respiration and vomiting

A

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

35
Q

if the pH of the CSF becomes more acid, what happens

A

the respiratory center in the brainstem will increase respiratory rate

36
Q

taking a sample of CSF to diagnose certain nervous system or cancers to examine for certain cells or for specific changes in composition

A

CSF tap

37
Q

functional barrier separating the capillaries in the brain from the nervous tissue

made of glial cells

A

blood - brain barrier

38
Q

the cells that make up the capillary walls in the brain are aligned tightly together and do not have what openings

A

fenestrations

39
Q

prevents many drugs, proteins, ions and other molecules from readily passing to the brain

A

blood - brain barrier

40
Q

anesthetic is injected into the space between the dura mater and the surrounding bone, without anesthetizing the brain

A

epidural

41
Q

special set of 12 nerve pairs in the peripheral nervous system that originate directly from the brain

may contain motor neurons, sensory neurons or a combo of both

A

cranial nerves

42
Q

caudal continuation of the brainstem outside the skull that continues down the bony spinal canal formed by the vertebrae

conducts sensory info and motor instructions between the brain and the periphery of the body

A

spinal cord

43
Q

a considerable amount of processing and modification of nerve impulses between the brain and the peripheral nerves takes place here - this is why it’s important to remember when we are trying to prevent or treat severe pain

A

spinal cord

44
Q

gray matter of the spinal cord is located here

A

medulla (inner part)

45
Q

in the spinal cord, takes the shape of a butterfly

A

medulla (inner part)

46
Q

contains CSF in the spinal cord

A

central canal

47
Q

white matter of the spinal cord is located here, surrounds the gray matter

A

cortex (outer part)

48
Q

this part of the spinal cord contains many neuron cell bodies

A

gray matter

49
Q

this part of the spinal cord contains myelinated nerve fibers

A

white matter

50
Q

what links the spinal cord to the peripheral nerves

A

dorsal and ventral roots

51
Q

dorsal ventral roots contain what kind of fibers

A

sensory (afferent) fibers

52
Q

ventral nerve roots contain what kind of fibers

A

motor (efferent) fibers

53
Q

sensory info comes into the spinal cord by which roots

A

dorsal nerve roots

54
Q

motor instructions go out to the body by which roots

A

ventral nerve roots

55
Q

this part of the spinal cord gray matter has neurons that process and carry sensory (afferent) nerve impulses to the brain or other parts of the spinal cord

A

dorsal horns

56
Q

this part of the spinal cord gray matter has neurons that process and carry motor (efferent) nerve impulses to spinal nerves

A

ventral horns

A&P 1 - Nervous system (7 decks)

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