Brain and Behavior Flashcards
limbic encephalitis
sub acute memory decline
infection: herpes encephalitis
autoimmune: voltage gated K receptor Ab
paraneoplastic- NMDA encephalitis- ovarian teratoma
infection/inflammation of limbic system presents w/ subacute decline in memory w/ possible psychiatric symptoms
treated: IVIG
circuit of papez
lesions cause anterograde amnesia
HM
hippocampi removed for seizures
good short term memory
stopped forming new memories- no long term memory
DK
continuously repeats whats going on?
working memory intact
short term memory intact
long term memory gone
had transient global amnesia
transient global amnesia
venous congestion in posterior circulation- affects hippocampus
valsalva activity? emotional stress?
duration- 2-12 hours. recurrence rate of 15%
anterograde amnesia
EY
presents- confusion, ataxia, nystagmus, opthalmoplegia
has wernicke encephalopathy
treated w/ thiamine
2 months later, still has memory problems- long term memory gone
mammillary bodies damaged in wernickes- korsakoffs syndrome
korsakoffs snydrome
korsakoffs syndrome occurs at resolution of wernickes in 20%
confabulations- confusion
need nursing home care
d/t thiamine deficient
necrosis of mamillary bodies
PK
difficulty speaking, normal memory and cognitive functions
atrophy around sylvian fissue- left frontal lobe
primary progressive aphasia
language based dementia in absence of other cognitive problems
normal attention, memory, visuospatial function, and object recognition
form of frontotemporal lobar degeneration- degernation in left frontal lobe
treatment: speech therapy, stimulants, adaptive disease
brocas aphasia
language production- poor
comprehension- good
repetition- poor
wenickes aphasia
language production- good but w/ errors
comprehension- poor
repetition- poor
conduction aphasia
launguage productoin- good
comprehension- good
repetition- poor
transcortical sensory aphasia
language production- good
comprehension- poor
repetition- good
transcortical motor aphasia
language production- poor
comprehension- good
repetition- good
GH
difficulty reading w/o difficulty writing
right homonoymous hemianopia
able to write dictation
cannot read what she wrote
exners areas
left middle frontal gyrus
causes agraphia
left angular gyrus
can cause pure agraphia
left supramarginal gyrus
causes pure agraphia
left fusiform gyrus
lesions cause pure alexia
dejerine syndrome
alexia w/o agraphia
lesion tumor involves splenium and L occipital lobe
means no visual info can reach L hemisphere language centers
doesnt see things on left side of vision
extinguishes on left side w/ bilateral stimulation
neglect- caused by parietal fields
not only restricted to vision
superior parietal lobule
lesions prevent complex somatosensory
can tell you are touching them, cant tell a written pattern, if you’re touching with one or two points, etc
left inferior parietal lobule
angular gyrus- gerstmann syndrom (right-left disorientation, finger agnosia, agrpahia, acalculia)
supramarginal gyrus- apraxia
right inferior parietal lobule
contralateral neglect
constructional disorders
body-garmet disorientation (dressing apraxia)
where v what pathways
what- temporal (object recognition)-
visual agnosia
where- parietal, frontal (spatial)
lesions cause optic ataxia, inability to see “big picture”
balint syndrome
where pathway
optix ataxia, optic apraxia, asimultagnosia
posterior cortical atrophy
slowly progressive dementia similar to ADs but w/ notable distinction
visual agnosia
balint syndrome
gerstmann syndrome
plaques and tangles in visual areas and association areas
frontotemporal dementia
younger than AD
apathetic
not aware of problem
normal memory, normal visuospatial
atrophy of hand muscles
pick bodies- filaments of tau proteins
ubiquitin inclusions- placques w/o tau found throughout frontal lobe
familial
treated w/ SSRIs or antipsychotics
prefrontal cortex
receives connections from all multimodal association areas and many limbic areas
most associated area
frontal lobe syndromes
bilateral dorsolateral- executive dysfunction
bilateral posterior orbitofrontal- disinhibition
bilateral anterior cingulate- apathetic
combinations common
