Brain and Behavior Flashcards

1
Q

limbic encephalitis

A

sub acute memory decline

infection: herpes encephalitis
autoimmune: voltage gated K receptor Ab
paraneoplastic- NMDA encephalitis- ovarian teratoma

infection/inflammation of limbic system presents w/ subacute decline in memory w/ possible psychiatric symptoms

treated: IVIG

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2
Q

circuit of papez

A

lesions cause anterograde amnesia

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3
Q

HM

A

hippocampi removed for seizures

good short term memory

stopped forming new memories- no long term memory

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4
Q

DK

A

continuously repeats whats going on?

working memory intact
short term memory intact

long term memory gone

had transient global amnesia

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5
Q

transient global amnesia

A

venous congestion in posterior circulation- affects hippocampus

valsalva activity? emotional stress?

duration- 2-12 hours. recurrence rate of 15%

anterograde amnesia

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6
Q

EY

A

presents- confusion, ataxia, nystagmus, opthalmoplegia

has wernicke encephalopathy

treated w/ thiamine

2 months later, still has memory problems- long term memory gone

mammillary bodies damaged in wernickes- korsakoffs syndrome

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7
Q

korsakoffs snydrome

A

korsakoffs syndrome occurs at resolution of wernickes in 20%

confabulations- confusion

need nursing home care

d/t thiamine deficient

necrosis of mamillary bodies

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8
Q

PK

A

difficulty speaking, normal memory and cognitive functions

atrophy around sylvian fissue- left frontal lobe

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9
Q

primary progressive aphasia

A

language based dementia in absence of other cognitive problems

normal attention, memory, visuospatial function, and object recognition

form of frontotemporal lobar degeneration- degernation in left frontal lobe

treatment: speech therapy, stimulants, adaptive disease

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10
Q

brocas aphasia

A

language production- poor

comprehension- good

repetition- poor

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11
Q

wenickes aphasia

A

language production- good but w/ errors

comprehension- poor

repetition- poor

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12
Q

conduction aphasia

A

launguage productoin- good

comprehension- good

repetition- poor

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13
Q

transcortical sensory aphasia

A

language production- good

comprehension- poor

repetition- good

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14
Q

transcortical motor aphasia

A

language production- poor

comprehension- good

repetition- good

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15
Q

GH

A

difficulty reading w/o difficulty writing

right homonoymous hemianopia

able to write dictation

cannot read what she wrote

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16
Q

exners areas

A

left middle frontal gyrus

causes agraphia

17
Q

left angular gyrus

A

can cause pure agraphia

18
Q

left supramarginal gyrus

A

causes pure agraphia

19
Q

left fusiform gyrus

A

lesions cause pure alexia

20
Q

dejerine syndrome

A

alexia w/o agraphia

lesion tumor involves splenium and L occipital lobe

means no visual info can reach L hemisphere language centers

21
Q

doesnt see things on left side of vision

extinguishes on left side w/ bilateral stimulation

A

neglect- caused by parietal fields

not only restricted to vision

22
Q

superior parietal lobule

A

lesions prevent complex somatosensory

can tell you are touching them, cant tell a written pattern, if you’re touching with one or two points, etc

23
Q

left inferior parietal lobule

A

angular gyrus- gerstmann syndrom (right-left disorientation, finger agnosia, agrpahia, acalculia)

supramarginal gyrus- apraxia

24
Q

right inferior parietal lobule

A

contralateral neglect

constructional disorders

body-garmet disorientation (dressing apraxia)

25
where v what pathways
what- temporal (object recognition)- visual agnosia where- parietal, frontal (spatial) lesions cause optic ataxia, inability to see "big picture"
26
balint syndrome
where pathway optix ataxia, optic apraxia, asimultagnosia
27
posterior cortical atrophy
slowly progressive dementia similar to ADs but w/ notable distinction visual agnosia balint syndrome gerstmann syndrome plaques and tangles in visual areas and association areas
28
frontotemporal dementia
younger than AD apathetic not aware of problem normal memory, normal visuospatial atrophy of hand muscles pick bodies- filaments of tau proteins ubiquitin inclusions- placques w/o tau found throughout frontal lobe familial treated w/ SSRIs or antipsychotics
29
prefrontal cortex
receives connections from all multimodal association areas and many limbic areas most associated area
30
frontal lobe syndromes
bilateral dorsolateral- executive dysfunction bilateral posterior orbitofrontal- disinhibition bilateral anterior cingulate- apathetic combinations common