Brain Flashcards
How does the brain communicate with the body?
The brain sends and receives information to and from the body via the nerves
What are the large divisions of the brain?
- Brainstem
- Diencephalon
- Cerebellum
- Cerebral Hemispheres/Cerebrum
What is the diencephalon composed of?
- Thalamus
- Hypothalamus
- Epithalamus
What are the roles of the diencephalon?
- Integration of sensory info
- Interpretation of pain
- Some role with hormone release
How is the cerebellum attached to the brainstem?
via 3 peduncles
What is the cerebellum involved in?
maintaining balance + control
What are the (4) lobes of the cerebrum?
- Frontal
- Parietal
- Occipital
- Temporal
What are sulci (cerebrum)?
Grooves
What are gyri (cerebrum)?
Wrinkled with hillocks
Which fissure separates the 2 hemispheres?
Central or longitudinal fissure
What white matter structure connects the 2 hemispheres?
The corpus callosum
What is the name of the groove between the frontal and parietal lobes?
Central sulcus or fissure of Rolando
What are deep sulci?
Fissures
What is the frontal lobe responsible for?
- Some aspects of movement
- Behaviour
- Emotion
- Higher executive function
- Expressive speech
What is the supplementary motor area involved in?
Preparation of self-initiated movement
What is the name of the fissure between the temporal and frontal lobes?
Sylvian fissure
What is the role of the premotor cortex?
Role in the preparation of sensory triggered movement and guiding complete behavioural acts
What is the occipital lobe responsible for?
Vision
What is the primary motor cortex responsible for?
Actual execution of movement
What is the parietal lobe responsible for?
- Language
- Sensation
- Perception of space
What is the temporal lobe responsible for?
- Hearing
- Expressive speech
- Memory
What is the somatosensory cortex involved in?
Complex processing of sensory info
What lobe is the somatosensory cortex in?
Parietal lobe
How many lobes are there in a brain?
8
What is the function of the occipital lobe?
Interpretation of vision
What is the function of the cerebellum?
- Balance
- Co-ordination
- Proprioception
What is the function of the basal ganglia?
Quality of Movement (QOM)
What is the function of the frontal lobe?
- Movement
- Higher executive function
How many neurons are there in the brain?
Approx. 86 billion
Where does blood drain away (from the brain)?
Empty into the dural venous sinus before flowing via the jugular vein back to the heart
What lobes of the brain does the Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA) supply?
- Parietal lobe
- Temporal lobe
- Frontal lobe
What is the name of some of the veins draining blood away from the brain?
Sinuses
What protects the brain from contusion & infection?
- Glial Cells
- Meninges
- The Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
- Skull
Which lobe of the brain does the Posterior Cerebral Artery (PCA) supply?
Occipital lobe
Which lobe of the brain does the Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA) supply?
Frontal lobe
Which area of the brain does the Posterior inferior cerebellar artery supply?
Cerebellum
What are the 4 lobes of the brain?
- Occipital
- Temporal
- Frontal
- Parietal
How heavy is the brain?
1.5 kg
Which arteries supply the brain with blood?
- Internal carotid arteries (anterior)
- Vertebral arteries (posterior)
