Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What does the ANS regulate?

A

Involuntary functions:
- Circulation
- Respiration
- Metabolism
- Secretion
- Body temperature
- Reproduction

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2
Q

Where are the ANS control centres located?

A

Hypothalamus & brainstem (from where signals are sent)

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3
Q

What is the ANS composed of?

A

Motor neurones that innervate:
- Smooth muscle
- Cardiac muscle
- Glands
(Effectors)

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4
Q

What are the (2) neurone pathways that the ANS uses?

A
  • Preganglionic neuron
  • Postganglionic neuron
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5
Q

What is info integrated from in the ANS for autoregulation?

A
  • Peripheral afferents
  • CNS receptors
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6
Q

Where are preganglionic neurons located?

A

Brain or spinal cords

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7
Q

Where does the brain and spinal cord’s myelinated axons synapse?

A

Peripheral ganglia

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8
Q

What divisions can the ANS be divided into?

A
  • Sympathetic
  • Parasympathetic
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9
Q

Describe the axons and what they innervate in postganglionic neurons?

A

Postganglionic neurons have unmyelinated axons that innervate target organs.

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10
Q

Where does the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) originate from?

A

The thoracic & lumbar spinal cord

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11
Q

Where do preganglionic axons terminate?

A

In the sympathetic chain ganglia or prevertebral ganglia in the abdomen

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12
Q

What does the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) do?

A

Prepares the body for stressful situations (fight-or-flight response)

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13
Q

What are the neurotransmitters in the sympathetic nervous system (SNS)?

A

Preganglionic:
- Acetylcholine (Ach)

Postganglionic:
- Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline)

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14
Q

What does the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) do?

A

Maintains homeostasis & vital functions
(Rest & Digest)

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15
Q

Where does the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) receive signals from?

A
  • Brainstem (cranial nerves III, VII, IX, X)
  • Sacral spinal cord
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16
Q

What is a major preganglionic nerve of the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS)?

A

Vagus nerve (CN X)

17
Q

What does the Vagus nerve (CN X) control?

A
  • Heart
  • Lungs
  • Digestive tract
18
Q

What is a neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS)?

A

Both pre and postganglionic:
- Acetylcholine (ACh)

19
Q

What is the name for disorders/dysfunction of the ANS?

A

Dysautonomia

20
Q

What are some common neurological conditions of the ANS?

A
  • Parkinson’s disease
  • Multiple System Atrophy (MSA)
  • Stroke
  • Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
  • Guillian-Barre Syndrome (GBS)
21
Q

What are some cardiovascular S&S of ANS dysfunction?

A
  • Orthostatic hypotension
  • Hypertension
  • Tachycardia or Bradycardia
22
Q

What are some gastrointestinal S&S of ANS dysfunction?

A
  • Gastroparesis (delayed gastric emptying)
  • Constipation
  • Diarrhoea
  • Faecal incontinence
23
Q

What are some urinary S&S of ANS dysfunction?

A
  • Retention
  • Incontinence
  • Recurrent UTIs
24
Q

What are some thermoregulatory S&S of ANS dysfunction?

A
  • Excessive sweating (Hyperhidrosis)
  • Reduced or absent sweating (Anhidrosis)
  • Heat intolerance
25
Q

What are some sexual dysfunction S&S of ANS dysfunction?

A
  • Erectile dysfunction
  • Dry vagina
  • Decreased libido and arousal issues