Brain

Question 1

Cerebrum

Answer 1

• The largest part of the brain, responsible for higher-level functions like thought, language, and consciousness.
• cerebral cortex has outer layer (grey matter) and inner layer (white matter)

Question 2

Fore brain

Answer 2

Cerebrum (cerebral cortex), Thalamus, and hypothalamus

Question 3

Mid brain

Answer 3

Midbrain (part of brain steam)

Question 4

Hindbrain

Answer 4

Pons, Medulla Oblongata, and Cerebellum

Question 5

Cerebellum

Answer 5

• integrates motor and sensory info, allowing for complex motor tasks
• involved in balance and coordination.

Question 6

Medulla oblongata

Answer 6

• controls vital functions like breathing, heart rate, blood vessel function, digestion, sneezing, vomiting, and swallowing
• center of respiration and circulation

Question 7

pons

Answer 7

• neural pathway from cortex to the medulla and cerebellum
• reticular formation regulates degree of activation/sleep

Question 8

Hippocampus

Answer 8

• memory and learning

Question 9

Amygdala

Answer 9

• “fight or flight”
• emotional processing

Question 10

basal nuclei (basal ganglia)

Answer 10

• located deep within cerebral white matter
  – inhibits muscle tone, maintaining purposeful muscle activity, suppresses useless or unwanted movement, and monitors and coordinates slow sustained contractions
• A group of nuclei in the forebrain involved in movement and reward

Question 11

Thalamus

Answer 11

A relay station for sensory information.

Question 12

hypothalamus

Answer 12

• links nervous system and endocrine system via the pituitary gland
• regulates homeostatic functions

Question 13

White vs. gray matter

Answer 13

White matter consists of myelinated axons, while gray matter consists of cell bodies and dendrites

Question 14

Four lobes of the cerebrum

Answer 14

Frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes

Question 15

cortices for vision, smell, taste, and hearing

Answer 15

• vision: Occipital Lobe
• smell: Olfactory Cortex
• taste: primary Gustatory Cortex
• hearing: Primary Auditory cortex

Question 16

primary motor cortex vs. primary somatosensory cortex

Answer 16

primary motor cortex: initiates voluntary movements. In frontal lobe. Sends signals OUT to spinal cord, which then relays this information to muscles
primary somatosensory cortex: receives and process sensory information IN from the skin, muscles, and joints

Question 17

Dopamine and serotonin

Answer 17

Neurotransmitters involved in mood, reward, and other function

Question 18

Homunculus

Answer 18

How much space motor or sensory distribution takes up on the cerebral cortex

Question 19

Synaptic plasticity

Answer 19

The ability of synapses to change strength over time

Question 20

how your brain rewards pleasurable experiences via a complex pathway that reinforces that pathway

Answer 20

1. Stimulus (pleasurable experience)
2. Dopamine release
3. Pleasure reinforcement (dopamine binds to receptors that reinforces the behavior linked to the dopamine release)
4. Learning and memory (reward system interacts with hippocampus, allows us to associate specific behaviors with

Question 21

Long-term potentiation

Answer 21

A type of synaptic plasticity that strengthens connections between neurons following a pattern of repeated stimulation.

Question 22

Electroencephalogram

Answer 22

• record of postsynaptic activity in cortical neurons
• records activity by measuring electrical impulses
• 1-30 Hz
  BETA- Alert
  ALPHA - light meditation
  THETA- drowsy
  DELTA - deep sleep

Question 23

sleep

Answer 23

• sleep restores energy and repairs our body
• sleep solidifies new memories
  – in a study it was proven during rem same neurons fire in the same pattern as the neurons fired when a new memory was form the same day.