Brain 1-2 Flashcards
Brain can be decided in 4 sections
Diencephalon
Brain stem
Cerebellum
Cerebral hemispheres
Cerebral Hemisphere is divided up by gyri (ridges of tissue) & sulci (Shallow groves) into…
Frontal Parietal temporal occipital insula
Why is grey matter grey & white matter white?
Grey matter results from it containing cell bodies of the neurons & is the functional component.
White matter contains the mylenated axons. The myelin sheath, composed of mostly lipids, gives the white appearance. White matter forms bundles or tracts that serve to connect parts of the brain & spinal cord.
What are the 3 different tracts within white matter?
Projection tracts
Commissural tracts
Association tracts
Projection tracts
Carry info from the brain to the rest of the body & back to the brain.
Commissural tracts
Cross from left to right connecting the 2 halves of the brain
Association tracts
Connects diff. regions to each other but within the same 1/2 of the brain
Cerebral Cortex
Grey Matter. Functions include memory, attention, perception, thought, language & consciousness. It allows us to be aware of ourselves, to remember names, communicate with others and move voluntarily
Contains blood vessels but no myelinated axons.
Cerebral Cortex can be divided into 3 generalized areas
Motor
Sensory
Association
Motor Areas of the Cerebral Cortex can be divided into 4 regions
Primary Motor Cortex
Premotor Cortex
Broca’s area
Frontal Eye
Premotor cortex
Frontal lobe. Plan movements, coordinate muscle movement based on sensory feedback.
Premotor Cortex is the location of mirror neurons which are activated when you grasp an object but also when you watch someone else grasp an object in the same way.
Broca’s Area
Generation of speech located in the left hemisphere. Neurons in the is area control muscles involved in speech production & become activated when thinking about speaking.
Frontal Eye Field
Controls voluntary movement of eyes
Primary Motor Cortex
Neurons project long axons to the spinal cord to control voluntary muscle movements. Organized in a toe–>mouth, lower parts of the body are at the top of the pre central gyrus and visa versa.
Areas are not proportional to their body size
Motor control of body is contralateral- left controls right
Primary Somatosensory Cortex
Parietal lobe. Neurons receive action potentials from sensory receptors in the skin & from proprioception located in skeletal muscle, joints & joints
Amygdala
Formation of memories and associated with emotional events. Associated with social interactions, associated also with the loss of fear and determining between inanimate and animate objects.
Homosexual people have more of the opposite gender patterns in the amygdala.
Septal nuclei
Similar to the nucleus accumbens in regard to rewards and reinforcement pathways but our inhibitory.
The structure allows you to decipher what is appropriate and what is not.
Lateral Sulcus separates which lobes
Temporal lobe from the parietal & frontal lobes
Insula is buried deep within the lateral sulcus
Central sulcus marks the division between which lobes?
Frontal & Parietal lobes
Each cerebral hemisphere has 3 basic regions of localization:
Superficial cortex (Cerebral cortex) of grey matter
Internal white matter
Basal Nuclei: Islands of grey matter located throughout the white matter
Islands of grey matter are known as the…
Corupus striatum
Amygdaloid nucleus
Claustrum
Basal nuclei play an important role in…
Control of posture & voluntary movement.
The parieto-occipital sulcus separates the…
Occipital lobe from the parietal lobe.
Somatosensory association cortex
Parietal Lobe
Produces conscious understanding of touch/proprioception stimulus received by the primary somatosensory cortex.
Helps us associate sensations of touch with past experiences
Ex. put your hand in pocket and select desired item without looking
