Bradycardia

Question 1

Causes of bradycardia

Answer 1

Sinus bradycardia
SAN dysfunction
AV block
Junctional and ventricular escape
asystole

Question 2

Sinus bradycardia

Answer 2

Regular
P before QRS, + is II and - in aVR
Normal constant PR

Question 3

Causes of sinus brady

Answer 3

athletes
sleep
BB
vomiting
SAN disease
MI/IHD
Hypoxia
Hypothyroid
Hypothermia
electrolytes
raised ICP
Sick sinus

Question 4

Sinoatrial node dysfunction

Answer 4

Slow SA discharge

If SA stops depolarising= sinus arrest, no P wave, lower pacemaker takes over: QRS preceded by a pause and no P wave

Question 5

Tachy-brady

Answer 5

A fibrillation/ tachycardia alternating with sinus brady/sinus arrest
Pauses as rhythm changes
Form of degenerative heart disease
May be revealed by Betablockers

Question 6

First degree AV block

Answer 6

lengthened PR

Question 7

Wenkeback

Answer 7

second degree block, Mobitz Type 1

PR progressively lengthens until a QRS is dropped

Question 8

Mobitz Type 2 AV block

Answer 8

Normal PR with occasional dropped QRS
may be 2:1, 3:1 etc
Asscociated with diabetes, inferior MI, infiltrative disease

Question 9

Third degree block

Answer 9

No conducted impulses
Disscociation between P and QRS
Acute MI, Diabetes, infiltrative disease
If other pacemakers fail- black outs (Stokes Adams attacks)

Question 10

Normal PR

Answer 10

120-200 ms

Question 11

AF and third degree block

Answer 11

Bradycardia
regular junctional escape
No discernible P waves
Intrinsic heart disease