Bradyarrhythmia Flashcards

Bradyarrhythmia: Sinoatrial (SA) Node Dysfunction

1
Q

Normal Conduction

A

**SA node : **
-SA original pacemaker
- Blood supply R side of heart
**AV Node “ **
Activates when node SA supressed

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2
Q

Bradyarrhymia

A
  • Failure of impulses **initiaton **or impulse conduction At level of SA lnode
  • Depressed Atuomaticity
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3
Q

Subsidiary Pacemakers

A

Discharge at slower rate
Risk of tissue HyPOPERFUSION

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4
Q

Most common causes of Pathologic Bradycardia

A

> SA node dysfunction andAV Conduction block

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5
Q

What is SA Node

A

> **Fusoform cells in sulcus terminalis on epicardial surface **
Richly innervated by SNS and PNS and Ganglia
Arises for RCA 55 to 60% and LCx 40 to 45%

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6
Q

Extrinsic SA Node dysfunction

A

> Often Reversible and should be corrected prior to pacer insertio
Drugs and ANS Influences
Hypothyroidism
OSA
Hypothermia
Hypoxemia
ICP
ETT suction

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7
Q

Intrinsic SA node dysfuntion

A

> Degenerative - Fibrous Replacement of SA node
**> Acute vs Chronic CAD **
I
nflammatory Processes
(Pericartitis, Myocarditis, Rheumatic Heart disease)**Connective Tissue Disorder **( SLE, RA, MCTD- mixed connective tissio disorder)I**nfiltrative Disoder ** Amiloidosis**Latrogenic Causes ** Direct Injury to SA node** Sick Sinus Syndrome (SSS): **
Increase in Fibrous tissue
Increased onset with
C AD, DM, HTN, Valvular disease,cardiomyopathies

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8
Q

Risk Factors for SA Node Dysfunction

A

> SVT 33 to 50%
Atrial Fibrillation or Atrial Flutter W RVR
25% develop concurrent AV conduction diseases

> **A-Fib Incidence : **
- Advance age
- HTN, DM,
- LV dilation, Valvular Heart Disease
- Ventricular Pacing
-
- > **Tachycardia- Bradycardia **
- SSS varient
- Risk for Thromboembolism : need antigoagulation
- Left Ventricular Dysfuction
- Atrial Enlargement
- Hx of CVA or Valvular disease

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9
Q

Bradyarrhythmia :
Signs and Symptoms

A

> **Asymptomatic At times **
** Identify on EKG: **
- Sinus Bradycardia, Sinus Arrest, Exit Block
- Alternating A-Fib and Bradycardia (slow and fast HR)

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10
Q

S/S Tachycrdia /Bradycardia

A

Palpitations
Angina Pertoris
HF
—————-
Hypotenison
Pre-Syncope
Fatingue-and Weakness

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11
Q

Sick Sinus Syndrom (SSS)

A

> Fast and slow Rate
Prolonge Pauses&raquo_space;» Syncope
HR symptoms

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12
Q

Pathologic and Physiologic Sinus Bradycardia

A

****SA node driven **
HR <60 bpm

Chronic Incompetence > Inability to Increase HR appropriately

If it does physiologic **
If it does nOt - Pathologic SA node

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13
Q

Sinus Pauses

A

> ** Failure of SA node to discharge**
Producing a pause

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14
Q

Sinus Exit Block

A

> ** Intermttent Failure **of conduction
Produces sinus exit block

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15
Q

SA Node Dysfunction :
> Diagnosis

A

> Clinical or EKG diagsosis (Most common Find EKG )Long Term Recording and Symptoms Correlation
- Holter or event monitor
- Implantable ECG (loop 12 month)

> ** Chrontitropic Incopetence: **Exercise Testing

> Autonomic NST:
- **Aministration of Propranolol 0.2 mg /kg & Atropine 0.04 mg/kg **
- Low Intrisic Heart Rate&raquo_space;» SA disease

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16
Q

SA Node Dysfunctin
Treatment Plan

A

> Main Aim: Alleviation of Symptoms
Exclusion of Exrinsic Causes
Pharmacologic considerations > Consider Discontinue (BBB, CCB, Arrhymic Medications class I and II )

> ** Permanent Pacemaker **
- Only Reliable Therapy
- Dual Chamber Pacemakers > Fever Syncopal Episodes

17
Q

Bradyarrhythmia

**AV NOde Dysnfunction > **
< Overview >

A

> Atrioventricular (AV) Node **
- Blood Suppl from LAD (left anterior descending artery )
- AV node Highly
Innervated of **
Postganglionic Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nerves
**Conduction Block **: Variety of Reasons

> **AV block Classification: **
- 1st to 3rd degree
- Location of the block

18
Q

Fuctional VS Structural Etiology
_ **Functional/Extrinsic

A
  • Reversible
  • Autonomic
  • Metablolic
  • Endocrine
  • Drug
19
Q

Fuctional VS Structural Etiology
> Structioral > Fibrosis

A
  • Common Cause of AV block - permanent

**> Aging : **
**- Sclerosis Left cardiac Stent **
- Begins in 4th decade of life
- Accelerated by athelorsclerisis

> **Coronary Artery Disease **
- Acute Myocardial Infarction
- Transient AV block: 1st, 2nd, 3rd seen AMI
- 2nd degree in High grade AV block: Inferior (lower ) AMI vs superior

>

20
Q

Fuctional VS Structural Etiology
> Structioral > Aging

A

**- Sclerosis Left cardiac Stent **
- Begins in 4th decade of life
- Accelerated by athelorsclerisis

> **Coronary Artery Disease **
- Acute Myocardial Infarction
Transient AV block: 1st, 2nd, 3rd seen AMI
2nd degree in High grade AV block: Inferior AMI vs superior

>

21
Q

Fuctional VS Structural Etiology
> Structioral >
> Coronary Artery Disease

A
  • Acute Myocardial Infarction
    Transient AV block: 1st, 2nd, 3rd seen AMI
    2nd degree in High grade AV block: Inferior AMI vs superior

>

22
Q

Fuctional VS Structural Etiology
> Structioral>
> Hereditary Muation >

A

Cadiac NA + channel Gene **SCNSA **
Ventricular Arrthymia
Impaired Cardiac Conduction

23
Q

Fuctional VS Structural Etiology
> Structioral>
Autoimmune and infiltration Diseases

A

Lupus
RA
MCTD
Schelordemra
Amyloid
Sarcoid
Hemochromatosis > AV conduction

24
Q

Fuctional VS Structural Etiology
> Structioral>
> Infectious Disease >

A

Lyme disease
Chagal disease
Syphilis

25
Q

AV Node Dysfunction :
Clinical Manifestations and DX

A

> Bradycaria :
- most common Findings
- secondary to Compromized AV node conduction
- Fatique syncope, death
- EKG: DX

26
Q

1St degree aV block

A

> PR intervals > 200 ms
** Wide QRS: **
- Delay distal condution system
** > Narrow WRS **
- Delay in AV node proper or Bundle of His

27
Q

2nd degree

A

> Intermittent failure of elecrical impulses
Subcalss**ifed Mobitx 1 or Mobitz 2

Mobitx 1 — Winckebox **
- prolog proglangatio of PR then drop QRS complex
>
Mobitz 2 **
- Sudden drop in QRS complex
-

28
Q

3 rd degree AV block

A

complete block

29
Q

* TX aV block*

A

Medicatiio Reconciliation
**Correct Electrolytes **
**Temporary pacing **
Aropine,
Isoproteronol