Brachium

Question 1

shoulder movements

Answer 1

forward flexion (sagittal plane)
extension (post sagittal plane)
abduction (coronal plane or scapular plane)
adduction
horizontla abduction (horizontal plane starting at 90* flexion)
horizontal adduction
int & ext rotation (medial and lateral rotation)
each of four articulation adds to shoulder motion: glenohumeral, screamioclavicular, sternoclavicular, and scapulothoracic

Question 2

pectoralis major attachments

Answer 2

clavicular head: from the anterior surface of medial half of the clavicle
sternocostal head: anterior surface of sternum and first 6 costal cartilage and from aponeurosis of external oblique
distal attachment: lateral lip of intertubercular groove of humerus

Question 3

pectorals major action

Answer 3

clavicular head: flex and adduct humerus across middle
sternal head: adduct and internal rotate humerus if arm is in a flexed and abducted position
reverse action: elevates thorax, accessory muscle in respiration

Question 4

pectorals major innervation

Answer 4

medial pectoral n.: C8, T1

lateral pectoral n: C5,6,7

Question 5

aponeurosis

Answer 5

collagen fibers organized in a certain direction

Question 6

distal attachment of pectorals major

Answer 6

lateral lip intertubercular groove of humerus

Question 7

pectoralis minor location

Answer 7

from anterior surface exterior surface of ribs 3-5

Question 8

pectoralis minor attachment

Answer 8

distal attachment to upper surface of coracoid process

Question 9

pectoralis minor actions

Answer 9

stabilizes scapula by drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly against the thoracic wall, depresses the tip of the shoulder

Question 10

pectoralis minor innervations

Answer 10

medial pectoralis n.: C8, T1

and lateral pectoralis n.: C5,6,7

Question 11

subclavius muscle location

Answer 11

from junction of 1st rib and its costal cartilage to inferior surface of middle 1/3 of clavicle

Question 12

subclavius action

Answer 12

depresses and anchors the clavicle

Question 13

subclavius innervation

Answer 13

nerve to subclavius (C5,6)

Question 14

axillary artery location

Answer 14

continuation of subclavian artery (changes at lateral border of 1st rib)

Question 15

axillary artery portions

Answer 15

1st portion: supreme thoracic artery
-tucked really high up between rib 1 and 2
2nd portion : two branches
- thoracoacromial trunk (4 branches: acromial, clavicular, pectoral, deltoid artery)
- lateral thoracic artery (feeds pectoral muscles)
3rd portion: three branches
- subscapular artery (circumflex scapular and thoracodorsal artery)
- anterior humeral circumflex artery
- posterior humeral circumflex artery

Question 16

brachial artery location

Answer 16

begins at inferior border of teres major (continuation of axillary artery)

Question 17

branches of brachial artery

Answer 17

1. profunda brachii artery
   - travels with radial nerve in radial groove and divides into:
   - –radial collateral artery (anastomosis with radial recurrent artery) and
   - –middle collateral artery (anastomosis with posterior interosseous recurrent artery)
2. superior ulnar collateral artery (anastomosis with posterior ulnar recurrent artery)
3. inferior ulnar collateral artery (anastomosis with anterior ulnar recurrent artery)

Question 18

humerus positioning

Answer 18

articulates with glenoid cavity superiorly and radius/ulna inferiorly
head faces medial, slightly posterior, and superiorly at 135*
greater tubercle-laterally
lesser tubercle- anteriorly
intertubercular groove houses biceps brachia tendon

Question 19

scapula location

Answer 19

connects to sternum via the clavicle
articulates with head of humerus at gleaned fossa
anatomically located between ribs 2 and 7

Question 20

scapula parts

Answer 20

body
spine: posterior and ends at accordion process laterally
coracoid process: anterior, is a muscles attachment
glenoid cavity: faces slightly anterior and lateral
2 surfaces: costal (ribs side) and dorsal

Question 21

scapular borders

Answer 21

superior
medial
lateral

Question 22

scapula angles

Answer 22

superior
inferior
lateral

Question 23

dorsal surface of scapula

Answer 23

suprasinous fossa (located on costal surface)
infraspinous fossa
spinoglenoid notch
spine and root of the spine

Question 24

facet

Answer 24

small smooth area of bone usually for articulation

Question 25

sternum

Answer 25

comprised of manubrium, body, and xiphoid process

Question 26

manubrium of sternum

Answer 26

jugular notch at TV3
clavicular notch
articulates with 1st and 2nd costal cartilage and clavicle

Question 27

sternal angle

Answer 27

located at TV4-5

junction of manubrium with body

Question 28

body of sternum articulations

Answer 28

ribs 2-7

Question 29

brachial plexus

Answer 29

found in neck and axilla, deep to pectorals major and minor
descends posterior to concavity of medial 2/3 of clavicle
junior of ventral rami C5,6,7,8, T1
accompanies axillary artery and vein

Question 30

upper trunk

Answer 30

ventral rami C5,6

Question 31

middle trunk

Answer 31

ventral ramus C7

Question 32

lower trunk

Answer 32

ventral rami C8 and T1

Question 33

trunks divide into

Answer 33

anterior and posterior divisions (found deep to clavicle)

Question 34

cords are named

Answer 34

based on location in relation to axillary artery

Question 35

lateral cord

Answer 35

anterior divisions of upper and middle trunk

Question 36

posterior cords

Answer 36

posterior divisions of upper, middle, and lower trunks

Question 37

medial cord

Answer 37

anterior division of lower trunk

Question 38

dorsal scapular nerve

Answer 38

(C4) C5 ventral ramus

innervated rhomboid major and minor (retractors of scapula)

Question 39

long thoracic nerve

Answer 39

C5,6,7 ventral rami

innervates serratus anterior (protractor and upward rotator of scapula)

Question 40

nerve branches off upper trunk

Answer 40

suprascapular nerve (C5,6) innervates supraspinatur and infraspinatus, AC and GH joints 
nerve to subclavius (C5,6) innervates subclavius muscle

Question 41

lateral cord branches

Answer 41

lateral pectoral n. (C5,6,7)
musculocutaneous n. (C5,6)
(lat. contribution to) axillary n. (C5,6,7)

Question 42

medial cord branches

Answer 42

medial pectoral n. (C8,T1)
medial brachial cutaneous n. (C8,T1)
medial antebrachial cutaneous n. (C8,T1)
ulnar n. (C7,8,T1)
(med. contribution to) median n. (C8,T1)

Question 43

posterior cord branches

Answer 43

upper subscapular n. (C5,6)
thoracodorsal n. (C6,7,8)
lower subscapular n. (C5,6)
axillary n. (C5,6)
radial n. (C5,6,7,8,T1)