Bowel, Bladder, Sexual function Flashcards
urinary system
- kidneys (around rib 12)
- ureters
- urinary bladder
- urethra
urinary bladder
- hollow organ with strong muscular wall (smooth muscle)
- detrusor muscle forms the bladder wall
- inf. to peritoneum, deep to pelvis, post. to pubic symphysis
- ascends to abdominal region and enters false pelvis when filling
- always contains some urine, even after emptying
anatomic regions include
apex- ant. aspect near pubic symphysis
fundus- base of bladder formed by its post. wall, opposite the apex
body- major potion of bladder b/t apex and funds
neck- the fundus and inferolateral surfaces of bladder meet here
trigone- an area of the bladder defined by a smooth internal surface formed by the tow ureters and the internal urethral office sensitive to expansion/stretch
ureters
- two 25-30 cm in length, muscular tubes through the abdomen along pelvic brim
- run oblique though a gap in the muscular wall of the urinary bladder
- flap of valve is formed as the ureters enter the bladder, contraction of the bladder musculature acs as a sphincter to prevent the reflux back towards the kidney during bladder emptying
neural control: ureters
innervation via ANS plexus
- sympathetic fibers: affront pain info flows towards spinal cord segments (T11-L2), refers pain ipsilateral along subcostal, iliolingual and genitofemoral n. distribution, includes sensory stretch to ureter
- parasympathetic fibers: vagus n. & S2,3,4) contraction and peristaltic motion of ureters
referred visceral pain segments
heart: C8-T4 (on left)
lungs: T2-5
esophagus: T4-5
liver: T6-9 (on right)
ovaries and fallopian tubes: T11-L1
kidneys: T10-11
ureters: T11-L2
colon: T8-L2
bladder T11-L3
rectum, ovaries, prostate: S2-5
male urethra
- muscular tube 18-30 cm leading to the external urethral sphincter
- exit for semen
- 4 parts: preprostatic (contains internal urethral sphincter), prostatic, membranous (passes through the external urethral sphincter), spongy
internal urethral sphincter
- involuntary sphincter of smooth muscle fibers (innervated by ANS)
- prevents retrograde movement of semen into the bladder during ejaculation
- internal urethral orifice leads to the urethra
external urethral sphincter
- part of the urogenital diaphragm
- skeletal muscle (voluntary control)
- innervated by somatic efferents: pudendal n. (S2-4)
- provides means for stopping the escape of urine form the body
bladder innervation: parasympathetic fibers
- pelvic splanchnic n. S2,3,4)
- visceral affarent: sensory to detrusor m. to determine level of stretch and relays pain from lower bladder
- motor to the detrusor m. cause wall of bladder to contract
- inhibition to the internal urethral sphincter to relax for urination
bladder innervation: sympathetic fibers
- hypogastric plexus through T11-L2 portions of spinal cord
- visceral afferents: sensation of pain form superior aspect of the bladder
micturition reflex
visceral afferent fibers stimulated by bladder stretch (350-400 mL), causing the bladder to contract reflexively while internal urethral sphincter relaxes and urine flows into the urethra
male internal genital organs
testes, epididymis, ductus deferens, seminal vesicles
testes
- male sex organ that lies within the scrotum
- produces sperm and the male sex hormone (testosterone)
epididymis
- portion of the male genital tract next to the testes where per maturation is partially accomplished
- receives sperm from the testes and continues as the ductus deferens
