BR 1 recap

Question 1

Inductive Approach

Answer 1

= when there is little to no research on this topic, you move from observation to a theory

Stages

1. Observation
2. Observe a pattern
3. Develop a theory based on patterns

Question 2

Deductive Approach

Answer 2

= you start with a theory and move to observations

Stages

1. Start with a theory
2. Formulate hypothesis based on a theory
3. Collect data to test the hypothesis
4. Analyze results

Question 3

Quantitative Research

Answer 3

= used to test or confirm theories and assumptions

• Mainly expressed in numbers & graphs
• Requires many respondents
• Closed (multiple choice) questions
• Key terms: testing, measurement

Question 4

Qualitative Research

Answer 4

= used to understand concepts, thoughts, or experiences

• Mainly expressed in words
• Requires few respondents
• Open-ended questions
• Key Term: understanding

Question 5

Stages of a Research Process (6)

Answer 5

1. Introduction
2. Literature
3. Methodology
4. Results/Findings
5. Discussion/Analysis
6. Conclusion

Question 6

Independent Variable

Answer 6

The cause, independent of other variables in the study

Question 7

Dependent Variable

Answer 7

The effect, depends on changes in the independent variable

Question 8

Problem Background

Answer 8

Describes what the problem is and why it is a problem

Question 9

Problem Statement

Answer 9

States the main problem the research needs to answer

Question 10

Different types of research questions (4)

Answer 10

• Descriptive
• Normative
• Correlative
• Impact

Question 11

Descriptive Research Question

Answer 11

“What are the characteristics of X?”

Question 12

Normative Research Question

Answer 12

The question that asks what should

“What should X be?”

Question 13

Correlative Research Question

Answer 13

“What is the relationship between X and Y?”

Question 14

Impact Research Question

Answer 14

“What impact does X have on Y?”

Question 15

Census

Answer 15

= a complete enumeration of the elements of a population or study objects

Question 16

Sample

Answer 16

= a subgroup of the elements of the population selected for the participation of the study

Question 17

Nominal Data

Answer 17

Also known as categorical data

Examples: gender, political preference, student ID

Question 18

Ordinal Data

Answer 18

Qualitative/categorical data
Within this data there is a natural rank order

Examples: language ability, level of agreement

Question 19

Ratio/Interval Data

Answer 19

Quantitative Data
These scales have equal intervals between values

Ratio has a true zero
Interval does not have a true zero e.g. degrees Celsius

Question 20

Descriptive Statistics

Answer 20

• Summarise and organize characteristics of a data set.
• Describe the sample on the basis of the data that is collected.
• You can calculate simple statistics like average, median, mode, standard deviation

Question 21

Inferential Statistics

Answer 21

• Help you come to conclusions and make predictions based on your data
• Here you can use the data from the sample to understand the larger population