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Nur 333 Fun 2 > Bowel Elimination (Exam 2) > Flashcards

Bowel Elimination (Exam 2) Flashcards

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1
Q

Older Adults Care Focus

A

-Trouble chewing
-Esophageal emptying slows
-Impaired absorption
-Weakened sphincters

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2
Q

Older Adult Decreases

A

-Hydrochloric acid
-Absorption of Vitamins
-Peristalsis
-Sensation to defecate
-Lipase to aid in fat digestion

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3
Q

Constipation

A

-Symptom not a disease

-Having fewer than 3 BM per week

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4
Q

Consipation: Symptoms

A

-Infrequent BM’s
-Discomfort
-Hard, dry stools. Hard to pass

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5
Q

Constipation: Causes

A

-Irregular bowel habits

-Improper diet

-Reduce fluid intake

-Lake of exercise

-Certain medications

-Age

-Ignoring the urge

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6
Q

Older Adults and Constipation

A

-Lack of MT

-Slowed Peristalsis

-Lack of exercise

-No fluid

-Too much dairy

-Lack of fiber

-Medications

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7
Q

Complications of Constipation

A

Hemorrhoids
Anal Fissure
Fecal Impaction
Rectal Prolapse

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8
Q

Constipation prevention

A

-High fiber foods
-Drink plenty of water
-Stay active
-Manage stress
-Don’t ignore the urge
-Create schedule

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9
Q

Laxatives and Cathartics

A

-Other than bulk forming… Do not take these regularly

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10
Q

Implementation: Cathartics and Laxatives

A

-Medications that initiate stool passage

-Short Term

-May be used to cleanse bowl

-Potential harmful effects of overuse. Can cause dependance

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11
Q

Nursing Care: Enema

A

-Left laterally sim side

-Hold Enema as long as they can

-Later thing we try. Last resort after

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12
Q

Enema Precautions and Complications

A

-Fluid and electrolyte imbalance

-Tissue trauma

-Vagal nerve stimulation

-Abdominal pain/cramping

-Pain

-Perforation

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13
Q

Impaction

A

Results from unrelieved constipation and the inability to expel the hardened feces rained in the rectum

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14
Q

If impaction is not resolved it can lead to

A

Intestiinal Obstruction

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15
Q

Most at risk for Impaction

A

-Debilitated

-Confused

-Unconscious

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16
Q

Impaction Symptoms

A

-Inability to pass toll for several days despite the urge to defecate

-oozing of liquid stool around

-Loss of appetite

-N/V

-Distention

-Cramping and Rectal Pain

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17
Q

Impaction Treatment: Digital Removal of Stool

A

-Assess

-Digital removal

-Nurse uses finger to break up fecal mass and removed it in sections

-Very painful

-Risks involved

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18
Q

Diarrhea

A

Loose watery Bowel Movements

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19
Q

Diarrhea: Causes

A

Foodborne pathogens

Food intolerances

Surgery

Testing

Enteral Feeding (Not tolerating)

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20
Q

Diarrhea: Common Complications

A

-Skin irritation

-Dehydration

-Nutritional Concerns

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21
Q

Antidiarrheal Agents

A

-Decrease muscles tone to slow the passage of feces

-Body absorbs more water

-Must determine cause of diarrhea (Sometimes you want diarrhea)

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22
Q

Nursing Care: Diarrhea

A

-Identify the problem and eliminate

-Provide soft digestible foods

-Maintain fluid and electrolyte balance

-Prevent spread… Good hand hygiene

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23
Q

Fecal Management System

Study These Flashcards
A

Folly Cath for GI tract

Can be affective but can not stay in for long. Can lead to ulcers and erosion

24
Q

Nursing Interventions: Maintenance of skin integrity

Study These Flashcards
A

-Meticulous skin care

-Frequent checks

-Apply skin barrier

-Consult with WOCN

25
C-Diff
-Health care associated infection. -Spore forming and can live for a very long time
26
C-Diff: Who is at risk
Anitboitics Elderly Immunocompromised Long term care Previously had it
27
C. Diff: Complications
Dehydration Kidney failure Toxic megacolon Bowel perforation Death
28
C.Diff Prevention
-Wash hands w/soap and water -Avoid use of antibiotics -Clean surfaces with clean -Place in CONTACT D
29
C.Diff Diagnoses and Treatment
Diagnosis: Stool sample 48 hrs Treatment: Plenty of fluids and nutrition Antibiotics Surgery Fecal implantation Probiotics
30
Bowel Inctontinence
-Inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus
31
Bowel Incontinence: Causes
-Muscle or nerve damage -Any physical condition that impairs the anal sphincter function -Large volume stools -Surgery -Rectal Prolapse
32
Bowel Incontinence: Risk Factors
-Age -Female -Nerve damage -Dementia -Physical Disability
33
Bowel Incontinence: Treatment
Anti-diarrheals Bulk laxatives
34
Bowel Incontinence: Complicaitons
-Body image -Skin irritation
35
Bowel Incontinence: Prevention
-Reduce Constipation -Control Diarrhea -Avoid straining
36
Flatulence: Symptoms
-Distention -Cramping -Bloating -Pain
37
Flatulence: Causes
-Constipation -Food -Gi disease -Stress
38
Nursing Care: Flatulence
Avoid foods that cause gas Eat small and eat slowly Eat more insoluble fiber
39
Hemorrhoids
Dilated or engorded veins in lining of rectum
40
Hemorrhoids: Causes
-Increased pressure from straining -External or Internal
41
Hemorrhoids: Treatment
Treat the problem Topical agents Surgery but high risk
42
43
Colon Cancer
#2 leading cause of cancer deaths in the US
44
Colon Cancer: Risk Factors and Warning Signs
-African Americans -Diet: High intake of red meat or processed meats, low fiber -Obesity -50+ -Lack of PA -Alcohol -FX
45
Colon Cancer Screening
Start at 45 Want a flex sig q 5 Colonoscopy every 10
46
Assessment: Nursing History
Head to toe questions
47
GI tract: Physical Assesment
-Starts at mouth -Abdomen -Rectum
48
Laboratory Tests
No blood test for most GI disorders Of blood is in stool order H&H
49
Fecal Specimens
Not sterile
50
Test for C.Diff
DNA test
51
Fecal Occult Blood Test
-Check for hidden blood -Ordered to check cancer or evaluate possible causes of anemia -Stool sample from 2 different areas -Often ordered from 3 different occasions -Can be false positives
52
Goals and Outcomes for Bowel elimnination
-Developing the goal consider the patient as a whole. How long will it take my patient to reach this goal Outcome: Ask yourself what will the patient demonstrate to prove their bowel elimination pattern is normal
53
Implementation: Health Promotion
Promote Normal Defecation Promote well balanced diet
54
NG TUBE
On the PT Lecture
55
Bowel Training
Patients with chronic constipation or fecal incontinence -Set up daily routine -Requires time, patience, and consistency
56
Bowel Training: Program Includes
-Assessment and Documentation -Choosing Patient-Centered time -Offer fluids to stimulate defecations around normal time -Assistance in using commode -Provide privacy
57

Nur 333 Fun 2 (19 decks)

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