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Nur 333 Fun 2 > Bowel Elimination (Exam 2) > Flashcards

Bowel Elimination (Exam 2) Flashcards

1
Q

Factors Influencing Bowl Elimination

A

-Age
-Diet
-Fluids
-Physical Activity
-Psychological factors
-Personal Habits
-Positioning
-Pain
-Pregnancy
-Surgery
-Medications
-Diagnostics

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2
Q

Older Adults Care Focus

A

-Trouble chewing
-Esophageal emptying slows
-Impaired absorption
-Weakened sphincters

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3
Q

Older Adult Decreases

A

-Hydrochloric acid
-Absorption of Vitamins
-Peristalsis
-Sensation to defecate
-Lipase to aid in fat digestion

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4
Q

Constipation

A

-Symptom not a disease

-Having fewer than 3 BM per week

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5
Q

Consipation: Symptoms

A

-Infrequent BM’s
-Discomfort
-Hard, dry stools. Hard to pass

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6
Q

Constipation: Causes

A

-Irregular bowel habits

-Improper diet

-Reduce fluid intake

-Lake of exercise

-Certain medications

-Age

-Ignoring the urge

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7
Q

Older Adults and Constipation

A

-Lack of MT

-Slowed Peristalsis

-Lack of exercise

-No fluid

-Too much dairy

-Lack of fiber

-Medications

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8
Q

Complications of Constipation

A

Hemorrhoids
Anal Fissure
Fecal Impaction
Rectal Prolapse

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9
Q

Constipation prevention

A

-High fiber foods
-Drink plenty of water
-Stay active
-Manage stress
-Don’t ignore the urge
-Create schedule

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10
Q

Laxatives and Cathartics

A

-Other than bulk forming… Do not take these regularly

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11
Q

Implementation: Cathartics and Laxatives

A

-Medications that initiate stool passage

-Short Term

-May be used to cleanse bowl

-Potential harmful effects of overuse. Can cause dependance

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12
Q

Nursing Care: Enema

A

-Left laterally sim side

-Hold Enema as long as they can

-Later thing we try. Last resort after

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13
Q

Enema Precautions and Complications

A

-Fluid and electrolyte imbalance

-Tissue trauma

-Vagal nerve stimulation

-Abdominal pain/cramping

-Pain

-Perforation

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14
Q

Impaction

A

Results from unrelieved constipation and the inability to expel the hardened feces rained in the rectum

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15
Q

If impaction is not resolved it can lead to

A

Intestiinal Obstruction

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16
Q

Most at risk for Impaction

A

-Debilitated

-Confused

-Unconscious

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17
Q

Impaction Symptoms

A

-Inability to pass toll for several days despite the urge to defecate

-oozing of liquid stool around

-Loss of appetite

-N/V

-Distention

-Cramping and Rectal Pain

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18
Q

Impaction Treatment: Digital Removal of Stool

A

-Assess

-Digital removal

-Nurse uses finger to break up fecal mass and removed it in sections

-Very painful

-Risks involved

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19
Q

Diarrhea

A

Loose watery Bowel Movements

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20
Q

Diarrhea: Causes

A

Foodborne pathogens

Food intolerances

Surgery

Testing

Enteral Feeding (Not tolerating)

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21
Q

Diarrhea: Common Complications

A

-Skin irritation

-Dehydration

-Nutritional Concerns

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22
Q

Antidiarrheal Agents

A

-Decrease muscles tone to slow the passage of feces

-Body absorbs more water

-Must determine cause of diarrhea (Sometimes you want diarrhea)

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23
Q

Nursing Care: Diarrhea

A

-Identify the problem and eliminate

-Provide soft digestible foods

-Maintain fluid and electrolyte balance

-Prevent spread… Good hand hygiene

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24
Q

Fecal Management System

A

Folly Cath for GI tract

Can be affective but can not stay in for long. Can lead to ulcers and erosion

25
Q

Nursing Interventions: Maintenance of skin integrity

A

-Meticulous skin care

-Frequent checks

-Apply skin barrier

-Consult with WOCN

26
Q

C-Diff

A

-Health care associated infection.

-Spore forming and can live for a very long time

27
Q

C-Diff: Who is at risk

A

Anitboitics
Elderly
Immunocompromised
Long term care
Previously had it

28
Q

C. Diff: Complications

A

Dehydration
Kidney failure
Toxic megacolon
Bowel perforation
Death

29
Q

C.Diff Prevention

A

-Wash hands w/soap and water
-Avoid use of antibiotics
-Clean surfaces with clean
-Place in CONTACT D

30
Q

C.Diff Diagnoses and Treatment

A

Diagnosis:
Stool sample 48 hors

Treatment:
Plenty of fluids and nutrition
Antibiotics
Surgery
Fecal implantation
Probiotics

31
Q

Bowel Inctontinence

A

-Inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus

32
Q

Bowel Incontinence: Causes

A

-Muscle or nerve damage
-Any physical condition that impairs the anal sphincter function
-Large volume stools
-Surgery
-Rectal Prolapse

33
Q

Bowel Incontinence: Risk Factors

A

-Age
-Female
-Nerve damage
-Dementia
-Physical Disability

34
Q

Bowel Incontinence: Treatment

A

Anti-diarrheals
Bulk laxatives

35
Q

Bowel Incontinence: Complicaitons

A

-Body image

-Skin irritation

36
Q

Bowel Incontinence: Prevention

A

-Reduce Constipation

-Control Diarrhea

-Avoid straining

37
Q

Flatulence: Symptoms

A

-Distention
-Cramping
-Bloating
-Pain

38
Q

Flatulence: Causes

A

-Constipation
-Food
-Gi disease
-Stress

39
Q

Nursing Care: Flatulence

A

Avoid foods that cause gas

Eat small and eat slowly

Eat more insoluble fiber

40
Q

Hemorrhoids

A

Dilated or engorded veins in lining of rectum

41
Q

Hemorrhoids: Causes

A

-Increased pressure from straining

-External or Internal

42
Q

Hemorrhoids: Treatment

A

Treat the problem

Topical agents

Surgery but high risk

43
Q
A
44
Q

Colon Cancer

A

2 leading cause of cancer deaths in the US

45
Q

Colon Cancer: Risk Factors and Warning Signs

A

-African Americans

-Diet: High intake of red meat or processed meats, low fiber

-Obesity

-50+

-Lack of PA

-Alcohol

-FX

46
Q

Colon Cancer Screening

A

Start at 45

Want a flex sig q 5

Colonoscopy every 10

47
Q

Assessment: Nursing History

A

Head to toe questions

48
Q

GI tract: Physical Assesment

A

-Starts at mouth

-Abdomen

-Rectum

49
Q

Laboratory Tests

A

No blood test for most GI disorders

Of blood is in stool order H&H

50
Q

Fecal Specimens

A

Not sterile

51
Q

Test for C.Diff

A

DNA test

52
Q

Fecal Occult Blood Test

A

-Check for hidden blood

-Ordered to check cancer or evaluate possible causes of anemia

-Stool sample from 2 different areas

-Often ordered from 3 different occasions

-Can be false positives

53
Q

Goals and Outcomes for Bowel elimnination

A

-Developing the goal consider the patient as a whole. How long will it take my patient to reach this goal

Outcome:
Ask yourself what will the patient demonstrate to prove their bowel elimination pattern is normal

54
Q

Implementation: Health Promotion

A

Promote Normal Defecation

Promote well balanced diet

55
Q

NG TUBE

A

On the PT Lecture

56
Q

Bowel Training

A

Patients with chronic constipation or fecal incontinence

-Set up daily routine

-Requires time, patience, and consistency

57
Q

Bowel Training: Program Includes

A

-Assessment and Documentation

-Choosing Patient-Centered time

-Offer fluids to stimulate defecations around normal time

-Assistance in using commode

-Provide privacy

58
Q
A

Nur 333 Fun 2 (12 decks)

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