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Farm Animal Reproduction > Bovine Reproductive Cycle > Flashcards

Bovine Reproductive Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

What exogenous factors affect the bovine oestrus cycle?

A

Adiponectins
Stress
NEB
Photoperiod

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2
Q

What prevents a dominant follicle from ovulating in a follicular wave?

A

High progesterone
The follicle undergoes atresia

A dominant follicle will only ovulate when progesterone is low

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3
Q

Describe the resumption of cyclicity post-calving?

A

1st follicular wave ovulates and there is a short lived CL
= ovulate a silent oestrus between 14-18 days

Then normal cyclicity resumes

The cow will only start cycling again once the calf is removed

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4
Q

What factors reduce LH pulse frequency and delay return to cyclicity?

A 
Sucking calf
Declining NEB
Poor BCS at calving 
Low DMI
Disease
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5
Q

How long is the bovine oestrus cycle?

A

21d

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6
Q

Oestrus lasts how long in cow?

A

18h

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7
Q

When does the LH surge occur in relation to the onset of oestrus?

A

6 hours

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8
Q

What is the main indicator of oestrus in the cow?

A

Standing to be mounted

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9
Q

Lost some aids for detecting oestrus?

A 
Tail paint / chalk 
Record keeping - observe 18 days from last oestrus
Chin balls
Teaser Bulls
Activity meters 
Pedometers
Heatime
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10
Q

What temperature should you thaw frozen semen at?

A

37c for 40s

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11
Q

What would you expect on a vaginal exam for a cow in oestrus?

A

Bulling string

Open cervix

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12
Q

How long after calving should you expect the first ovulation in a cow?

A

14-18d if no CL

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13
Q

What would you expect the uterus to feel like in a 3 month pregnant cow?

A

Small cotyledons
Ballot a melon sized calf
Uterine artery pulse on pregnant horn

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14
Q

At what stage can you palmate fremitus in the uterine artery?

A

5m pregnant horn

6m non-pregnant horn

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15
Q

From how many days can you confidently scan for pregnancy?

A

28

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16
Q

What are you looking for on a post natal check?

A

Endometritis
Tears
Return to cyclic activity
Whether the cervix is open or closed

17
Q

When is the use of a PRID contraindicated?

A

Any infection of the reproductive tract

Causes vaginitis and local immunosuppression

18
Q

How soon after injecting a cow that has a CL with prostaglandin would you expect to see her bulling?

A

2-5 days

19
Q

How can you differentiate pregnancy from metritis / endometritis on ultrasound?

A

Foetal fluids - clear, anechoic, membranes and foetus, lining of endometritis well defined

Metritis / endometritis - slightly more hyperechoic, snow storm appearance, lining of endometrium poorly defined

20
Q

What would you expect on a vaginal exam for a cow in oestrus?

A

Bulling string

Open cervix

21
Q

How long after calving should you expect the first ovulation in a cow?

A

14-18d if no CL

22
Q

What would you expect the uterus to feel like in a 3 month pregnant cow?

A

Small cotyledons
Ballot a melon sized calf
Uterine artery pulse on pregnant horn

23
Q

At what stage can you palmate fremitus in the uterine artery?

A

5m pregnant horn

6m non-pregnant horn

24
Q

From how many days can you confidently scan for pregnancy?

A

28

25
Q

What are you looking for on a post natal check?

A

Endometritis
Tears
Return to cyclic activity
Whether the cervix is open or closed

26
Q

When is the use of a PRID contraindicated?

A

Any infection of the reproductive tract

Causes vaginitis and local immunosuppression

27
Q

How soon after injecting a cow that has a CL with prostaglandin would you expect to see her bulling?

A

2-5 days

28
Q

How can you differentiate pregnancy from metritis / endometritis on ultrasound?

A

Foetal fluids - clear, anechoic, membranes and foetus, lining of endometritis well defined

Metritis / endometritis - slightly more hyperechoic, snow storm appearance, lining of endometrium poorly defined

29
Q

What can lead to a reduced heat duration?

A

Lameness
Low BCS
High yield

30
Q

What factors can increase the calving to conception interval and no. inseminations per pregnancy?

A 
Drop in social status
Caesarean 
Bad calving
Lameness 
Mastitis
Milk fever - sub clinical hypocalcaemia has a huge effect on fertility
Nutrition
NEB at peak lactation
Hepatic lipidosis
31
Q

What affect does lameness have on fertility?

A

Increases the calving to conception interval
Increases the no. inseminations per cow
Reduces pregnancy rate

Later resumption of cyclicity, reduced oestrus intensity and oestrus related behaviours

32
Q

What is a repeat breeder?

A

A cow that has not conceived after 4 services

33
Q

What effect can milk yield have on the expression of oestrus behaviours?

A

High yielded may show fewer behavioural signs of oestrus

34
Q

What is the effect of the seasons on dairy cow fertility?

A

Poly-oestrus and non-seasonal
However…
- heat stress can reduce fertility in dairy cows in summer
- poor quality silage fed in winter may reduce fertility

Farm Animal Reproduction (7 decks)

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