Bovine GI QUIZ Flashcards
The esophagus of the horse has both skeletal (striated) AND smooth muscle and is controlled by the vagus nerve. The bovine esophagus is:
1. Smooth muscle all the way down to the stomach, controlled by the vagus nerve.
2. Skeletal (striated) muscle all the way down to the stomach, controlled by the vagus nerve.
3. The same as the horse.
4. Skeletal (striated) muscle all the way to the stomach, not controlled by any nerves at all.
- Skeletal (striated) muscle all the way down to the stomach, controlled by the vagus nerve.
Ruminant saliva has 2 key functions:
1. It keeps the rumen contents a fluid consistency and acidifies the rumen.
2. It keeps the rumen contents a fluid consistency and digests proteins.
3. It keeps the rumen contents a fluid consistency and alkalinizes (neutralizes) acids produced by microbial fermentation in the rumen.
- It keeps the rumen contents a fluid consistency and alkalinizes (neutralizes) acids produced by microbial fermentation in the rumen.
In order for rumination to occur (the eschewing of a food bolus), the following action must take place,
1. The animal must be lying down.
2. The upper esophageal sphincter must relax, allowing the food bolus back up the esophagus and into the mouth.
3. The animal must be standing up.
4. The lower esophageal sphincter must relax, allowing the food bolus back up the esophagus and into the mouth.
- The lower esophageal sphincter must relax, allowing the food bolus back up the esophagus and into the mouth.
The 3 “fore stomachs” of a ruminant are the:
1. Abomasum, omasum and rumen
2. Spiral colon, reticulum and omasum
3. Abomasum, reticulum and rumen
4. Reticulum, omasum and rumen
- Reticulum, omasum and rumen
Grain overload (rumen acidosis) occurs when a cow ingests excessive amounts of:
1. Easily digestible carbohydrates
2. Proteins
3. Fats
4. Amino acids
- Easily digestible carbohydrates
Hardware disease (Traumatic Reticuloperitonitis) occurs when:
1. A cow swallows a magnet.
2. A cow consumes too much grain.
3. A sharp object is swallowed and penetrates the wall of the reticulum.
4. The abomasum twists on itself.
- A sharp object is swallowed and penetrates the wall of the reticulum.
The term “displaced abomasum” refers to:
1. the procedure in which the omasum is secured to the body wall
2. a change in position of the abomasum to either the left or right of the rumen
3. a change in position of the rumen from one side of the abdomen to the other
4. distension of the rumen with froth
- a change in position of the abomasum to either the left or right of the rumen
If rumen acidosis has occurred, a sample of rumen fluid will have a pH that is:
1. higher than normal (alkaline)
2. neutral
3. same as normal rumen fluid
4. lower than normal (acidic)
- lower than normal (acidic)
The abomasum of the ruminant produces water, mucus, pepsinogen, rennin and:
1. hemoglobin
2. bile
3. hydrochloric acid
4. sodium bicarbonate
- hydrochloric acid
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus and Johne’s Disease have a characteristic in common that makes them very difficult to eliminate:
1. Both 2 and 3.
2. Infection with either disease can result in healthy looking animals that are persistently infected and act as carriers.
3. Neither of them has a preventive vaccine.
4. Both of them are easily treated with antibiotics.
- Infection with either disease can result in healthy looking animals that are persistently infected and act as carriers.
A zoonotic pathogen that can affect ruminants and be transmitted to humans is:
1. Salmonella spp. bacteria
2. Coccidia
3. Bovine stomach worms
4. Corona virus infection associated with calf scours
- Salmonella spp. bacteria
The purpose of having a ruminant swallow a magnet is to:
1. to prevent parasitic infection in the reticulum
2. to provide a source of nutritional iron
3. to aid in digestion
4. to attract metallic foreign bodies and prevent Hardware Disease
- to attract metallic foreign bodies and prevent Hardware Disease
Abomasal displacement is more common in certain deep-bodied cows and can also occur in association with:
1. Milk Fever
2. Mastitis
3. All choices are correct
4. Metritis
- All choices are correct
Winter Dysentery is characterized by:
1. diarrhea with erosions of the mouth and esophagus in young bovines
2. acute bloody diarrhea and dehydration with high mortality in beef cattle
3. explosive, sometimes bloody diarrhea, loss of appetite and a decrease in milk production in housed dairy cattle
- explosive, sometimes bloody diarrhea, loss of appetite and a decrease in milk production in housed dairy cattle
Briefly describe at least 1 cause of each type of bloat (rumen tympany) listed below and list a clinical sign of bloat:
Frothy bloat:
Free gas bloat (describe either intra or extra ruminal causes, not both):
- Frothy:
- Caused by diets that lead to formation of a stable froth in the rumen (lots of legumes, lush fresh pastures, grain overload) - Free gas bloat
Intra:
- Caused by diets that result in excessive gas production and low pH (acidity) within the rumen (usually concentrates which are easily digestible carbs). The low intraruminal pH inhibits the cyclic contractions of the fore stomachs and gas accumulates
Extra:
- Caused by factors other than within the fore stomachs (ie outside the rumen): esophageal obstruction (choke), postural bloat (animal gets trapped; ie. falls into a ditch and can’t roll over to get sterna), electrolyte disorders such as hypocalcemia, medications (ie. xylazine), sever inflammation and pain
