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NPLEX 2 > Botanicals > Flashcards

Botanicals Flashcards

1
Q

Fennel is contraindicated with which drugs?

A

Cipro (reduced bioavailability)
OCPs (reduced efficacy)
Tamoxifen (phytoestrogenic)

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2
Q

Ephedra is indicated, but not safe in:

A

COPD, sinusitis, asthma

bronchodilator

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3
Q

Bitter herb contraindications:

A

ulcer, gastritis, GERD, obstruction

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4
Q

Asteracea family includes:

A 
artemisia spp (wormwood, sweet annie, mugwort)
arnica
calendula
eupatorium spp
grindelia
silybum
solidago (goldenrod)
yarrow
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5
Q

wormwood / artemisia absinthum:

A

low dose
bitter, antimicrobial
roundworm, pinworm

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6
Q

Sweet Annie / artemisia annua:

A

anti-malarial
take with iron
CI: pregnancy

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7
Q

monkshood / aconite:

A

low dose

antipyretic, sedative

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8
Q

mugwort / artemisia vulgaris:

A

emmenagogue / abortifacient (CI: preg)
BITTER
interxn w/PPIs, hypoglycemics (inc motility)

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9
Q

pleurisy root / asclepius tuberosa:

A

respiratory infx, congestion, pleurisy

CI: pregnancy, sustained use

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10
Q

yarrow / achillea mill:

A

hemostatic, bitter
skin ulcer, hemorrhage
emmenagogue, abortifacient
inc motility, antag PPIs

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11
Q

aspidosperma quebracho:

A

wet cough, dyspnea

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12
Q

astragalus:

A

adaptogen, immune mod
viral myocardiopathy
CI: acyclovir, corticosteroids
exacerbate AI & acute infx

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13
Q

belladonna:

A 
atropine, tropane alkaloids
spasmolytic
spastic conditions
CI: long term, high dose 
hot as hare, red as beet, dry as bone, blind as bat, mad as hatter
interxn: anticholinergic, amitriptyline
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14
Q

oat / avena sativa:

A

nervine, hypolipidemic
inflamed skin
fatigue, anxiety, hyperlipidemia

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15
Q

black cohosh / cimicifuga (actea race):

A

uterine tonic, pituitary/estrogen mimetic
PMS, dysmenorrhea, menopause,
advFX: sedative, bradycardia, hypotension

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16
Q

brahmi / bacopa monnieri:

A

analgesic
poor memory, epilepsy
Induces CYP450
Interxn: sedatives (potentiates)

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17
Q

indigo / baptisia tinctoria:

A

immune stim, antimicrobial, anti-catarrhal

URI, catarrhal infx

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18
Q

oregon grape / mahonia:

A

bitter, alterative, chronic skin dz
GI, skin, UTI
Interxn: PPIs

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19
Q

barberry / berberis vulgaris:

A

cholagogue, choleretic
chronic hepatitis, liver dz, gallstones
CI: hyperbilirubinemia

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20
Q

frankincense / boswellia:

A

anti-inflammatory

asthma, OA, RA

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21
Q

white bryony / begonia:

A

pain, rheumatism

TOPICAL

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22
Q

marigold / calendula:

A

vulnerably

dermatitis, wounds, skin ulceration

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23
Q

tea / camellia sinensis:

A

infx, preventive (CA, cavities, memory), stimulant

interxn: red iron absorption, antag sedatives

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24
Q

marijuana / cannabis sativa:

A

cancer, glaucoma, pain

CI: schizophrenia

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25
Q

shepherd’s purse / cappella bursa-pastors:

A

styptic

menorrhagia, metrorrhagia

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26
Q

cayenne / capsicum frutescens:

A

diabetic neuropathy, pruritus, OA, RA, capillary atony

CI: pregnancy

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27
Q

senna / cassia spp:

A

cathartic, atonic constipation
safe while lactating
interxn: diuretics, corticosteroids, glycyrrhiza

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28
Q

blue cohosh / caulophylum thalictroides:

A

uterine tonic

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29
Q

ceanothus americanus:

A

splenomegaly

interxn: anticoagulants

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30
Q

gotu kola / centella asiatica:

A

nervine, venotonic

insomnia, dementia, poor memory, chronic venous insufficiency

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31
Q

false unicorn / chamaelirium luteum:

A

uterine tonic

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32
Q

greater celandine / chelidonium:

A

warts, prevent gall stones

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33
Q

fringe tree / chionanthus virginicus:

A

cholagogue, alterative

liver and gallbladder dysfunction

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34
Q

cineraria (centaurium) marítima:

A

anti-cataract, TOPICAL
CI: internal use
advFX: hepatoveno-occlusive dz, liver failure, death

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35
Q

cinnamon / cinnamomum:

A

astringent, carminative

hemorrhage, dyspepsia

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36
Q

coleus forskolii:

A

vasodilator
asthma, dilated cardiomyopathy
interxn: cardiac glycosides, anticoags, antihistamines, hypoglycemics

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37
Q

guggul / commiphora mukul:

A

hypolipidemic

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38
Q

myrrh / commiphora myrrha:

A

antimicrobial

excess mucus

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39
Q

lily of the valley / convallaria majalis:

A

CHF, atrial arrhythmia
advFX: green halo effect
interxn: diuretics, corticosteroids, glycyrrhiza

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40
Q

horse chestnut / aesculus hippocastanum:

A

venotonic, astringent
varicose veins, hemorrhoids, DVT
highly toxic fruit

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41
Q

cayenne / capsicum:

A

DM neuropathy, OA, RA, capillary atony

CI: pregnancy

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42
Q

aloe vera gel:

A

burns, wounds, gastritis

vulnerary

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43
Q

cordyceps sinensis:

A

bronchodilator, anti-CA

anemia, protects bone marrow

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44
Q

corydalis spp:

A

strong analgesic, sedative

pain, angina, arrhythmias

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45
Q

hawthorn / crataegus:

A

cardiotonic
cardiac weakness
interxn: b blockers (may cause HTN)

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46
Q

turmeric / curcuma:

A

anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic

CA, OA, RA, inflammation, NSAID-induced ulcers

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47
Q

artichoke / cynara:

A

hypolipidemic, bitter

poor digestion

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48
Q

datura:

A

spasmolytic
asthma, smooth muscle spasm
interxn: anticholinergics, tricyclic amitriptyline

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49
Q

foxglove / digitalis:

A

CHF (stimulant, ionotrope, neg chronotrope)
advFX: green halo, death
interxn: diuretics, corticosteroids, glycyrrhiza

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50
Q

wild yam / dioscorea:

A

spasmolytic

dysmenorrhea, PMS

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51
Q

echinacea:

A

immune stimulant
URI
interxn: corticosteroids

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52
Q

Siberian ginseng / eleutherococcus:

A

adaptogen
CA, chronic inflammation, Addison’s
interxn: corticosteroids

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53
Q

ma huang / ephedra:

A

adrenergic agonist, bronchodilator
bronchitis, asthma
OD: sympathomimetic (n/v, vertigo, sweat, tremor)
interxn: sympathomimetics, MAOI, methylphenidate

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54
Q

horse tail / equisetum:

A

aquaretic
urolithiasis, edema
interxn: diuretics, corticosteroids, glycyrrhiza

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55
Q

poppy / eschscholzia:

A

hypnotic

neuralgia, insomnia

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56
Q

eucalyptus:

A

antimicrobial, counter-irritant

OA, RA, URI

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57
Q

boneset / eupatorium perfoliatum:

A

diaphoretic
pain from cough
advFX: hepatic failure, HVOD

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58
Q

gravel root / eupatorium purpureum:

A

anti-lithic
urolithiasis
advFX: hepatic failure, HVOD

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59
Q

eye bright / euphrasia:

A

anti-inflammatory

opthalmias

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60
Q

fennel / foeniculum:

A

carminative, galactagogue

infant colic, insufficient lactation

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61
Q

kelp / fucus:

A

iodine

hypothyroid, goiter, rheumatism

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62
Q

cleavers / gallium aparine:

A

aquaretic

nodular growths, lymphadenitis

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63
Q

reishi / ganoderma lucidum:

A

adaptogen
insomnia
interxn: corticosteroids

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64
Q

gelsemium:

A

anodyne

insomnia, nervous unrest

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65
Q

gentiana:

A

bitter

poor digestion

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66
Q

geranium:

A

styptic

menorrhagia, hemorrhoid, diarrhea

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67
Q

ginkgo:

A

vasodilator

intermittent claudication, cerebrovascular insufficiency

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68
Q

licorice / glycyrrhiza:

A

adaptogen
Addisons
advFX: pseudoaldosteronism
interxn: corticosteroids, diuretics

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69
Q

grindelia:

A

respiratory stimulant

asthmatic breathing

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70
Q

gymnema:

A

DM, hypercholesterolemia

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71
Q

witch hazel/hamamelis virginiana:

A

styptic, astringent

varicose veins, mild hemorrhage

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72
Q

devil’s claw / harpagophytum:

A

anti-rheumatic, bitter

OA, RA, rheumatism

73
Q

hops / humulus lupulus:

A

hypnotic, nervine, bitter
insomnia, restlessness
advFX: gynecomastia, low libido, depression

74
Q

hydrangea:

A

anti-lithic, renal sedative

urolithiasis

75
Q

goldenseal / hydrastis:

A

bitter, “king of mucus membranes”
catarrh, poor digestions
advFX: displaces bilirubin from albumin

76
Q

hyoscyamus:

A

spasmolytic, LOW DOSE
smooth muscle spasms, delirium, schizophrenia
CI: sustained use, high dose
interxn: anticholinergics, amitriptyline

77
Q

st johns wort / hypericum:

A

antidepressant
depression
advFX: photosensitivity rash
induces CYP450 3A4

78
Q

elecampane / inula:

A

expectorant, antitussive

any cough

79
Q

blue flag / iris versicolor:

A

alterative

biliary insufficiency, mild hepatitis, thyroid enlargement

80
Q

black walnut / juglans nigra:

A

antiparasitic/helminthic

parasites, worms

81
Q

juniperus:

A

bitter, antimicrobial, diuretic
lower UTI, renal atonic
CI: pregnancy

82
Q

chaparral / larrea tridentata:

A

anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antineoplastic
CA, infx
inhibits CYP450

83
Q

motherwort / leonurus:

A

palpitation, hyperthyroidism

84
Q

leptandra virginica:

A

hepatotonic, bitter

poor digestion, hepatitis, liver congestion

85
Q

osha / ligusticum porteri:

A

antimicrobial

URI / LRI

86
Q

ligustrum lucidum:

A

adaptogen
high cholesterol, chemo adjunct
interxn: corticosteroids

87
Q

flax / linum usitatissimum:

A

demulcent, laxative

constipation, URI, hormone imbalance

88
Q

tobacco / lobelia inflata:

A

stimulant expectorant

wet/spasmodic cough, asthma

89
Q

lomatium dissectum:

A

antiviral

viral URI

90
Q

bugleweed / lycopus:

A

thyroid suppressant

hyperthyroidism

91
Q

matricaria chamomila:

A

anti-inflammatory, vulnerary, carminative
wounds, gastritis, anxiety
interxn: sedatives

92
Q

alfalfa / medicago sativa:

A

phytoestrogen

hyper/hypoestrogenism

93
Q

tea tree / melaleuca:

A

anti fungal

dermatophytosis

94
Q

lemon balm / melissa:

A

carminative, nervine

hyperthyroidism

95
Q

peppermint / menthe piperita:

A

carminative

non-ulcer dyspepsia, flatus, IBS/D, maldigestion

96
Q

mitchella repens:

A

uterine tonic

dysmenorrhea

97
Q

bitter melon / momordica charantia:

A

hypoglycemic

DM

98
Q

olive / olea europa:

A

cardio protective

HTN, hyperlipidemia

99
Q

ginseng / panax:

A

adaptogen
CA, infx, AI dz, fatigue, stress
interxn: immune drugs (abx, vax, tamoxifen)

100
Q

passionflower / passiflora:

A

hypnotic, anxiolytic

interxn: SSRI, MAOI, sedative, antihistamines, bentos, opiates

101
Q

yohimbe / pausinystalia:

A

aphrodisiac, stimulant
impotence
CI: schizophrenia
interxn: alpha-blockers, sympathomimetics

102
Q

poke root / phytolacca:

A

lymphatic

lymphadenopathy

103
Q

kava / piper methysticum:

A

anxiolytic, nervine
neuralgia
interxn: potentiates antipsychotics, benzos

104
Q

jamaican dogwood / piscaria:

A

anodyne
insomnia, pain
interxn: sedatives, antihistamines, barb/benzos, opiates

105
Q

plantain / plantago:

A

vulnerably

dermatitis, lower UTI

106
Q

podophyllum:

A

antineoplastic
CA
CI: internal use / death

107
Q

black cherry / prunus serotina:

A

spasmodic cough

108
Q

prunus (pygeum) africanum:

A

prostatic tonic

BPH, chronic prostatitis

109
Q

pulsatilla:

A

sedative

pain

110
Q

quercus rubra:

A

astringent

weeping eczema, hemorrhoids, diarrhea

111
Q

rauwolfia:

A

systemic vasodilator, anti-arrhythmic

HTN

112
Q

rhamnus frangula:

A

cathartic
atonic constipation
interxn: diuretics, corticosteroids, glycyrrhiza

113
Q

rhodiola:

A

adaptogen
suppressed immune, CA, depression
interxn: inhibits CYP450, antagonizes immune suppression; potentiates SSRI, MAOI, sedatives, barb/benzos, opiates

114
Q

castor bean / ricinus:

A

inflammation modulator, cathartic (internal)
dysmenorrhea, PMS, colic, atonic constipation (int)
interxn: diuretics, corticosteroids, glycyrrhiza

115
Q

rosemary / rosmarinus:

A

circulator stimulant, carminative

myalgia, cerebrovascular insufficiency

116
Q

raspberry / rubus idaeus:

A

parturifacient, uterine tonic

prep for labor

117
Q

yellow dock / rumex crispus:

A

chronic skin conditions, acne

interxn: diuretics, corticosteroids, glycyrrhiza

118
Q

willow / salix alba:

A

anti-inflammatory, analgesic

pain, OA, RA

119
Q

sage / salvia:

A

antimicrobial
menopausal hot flashes
CI: lg doses

120
Q

elderberry / sambucus nigra:

A

diaphoretic, inflammation modulator

flower: fever, pharyngitis, tonsillitis
berry: URI, flu, neuralgia

121
Q

bloodroot / sanguinaria:

A

escharotic

cervical dysplasia, BCC, SCC

122
Q

schisandra chinensis:

A

adaptogen
liver damage, fatigue, depression
interxn: inhibits CYP450

123
Q

scutellaria baicalensis:

A

anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-CA

CA, OA, RA

124
Q

scutellaria lateriflora:

A

hypnotic, anxiolytic

insomnia, anxiety

125
Q

cereus / selenicereus grandiflorus (cactus):

A

anti-arrhythmic, diuretic

arrythmia, palpitation, CHF

126
Q

saw palmetto / serenoa repens:

A

prostatic tonic

BPH

127
Q

milk thistle / silybum marianum:

A

hepatoprotective

hepatitis, cirrhosis, fatty liver

128
Q

sarsaparilla / smilax:

A

alterative, anti-inflammatory

chronic dermatitis, OA, RA, gout

129
Q

goldenrod / solidago:

A

anti-catarrhal, diuretic

cystitis, urethritis, dysuria

130
Q

comfrey / symphytum:

A

demulcent, vulnerably
wounds, lung / GI inflammation
advFX: hepatic failure, HVOD

131
Q

feverfew / tanacetum parthenium:

A

inflammation modulator, carminative

migraine

132
Q

tansy / tanacetum vulgare:

A

parasites, worms

CI: large dose

133
Q

dandelion / taraxacum:

A

diuretic, hepatoprotective, bitter

UTI, urolithiasis, poor digestion

134
Q

cocoa tree / theobroma cacao:

A

stimulant

bronchial spasm, HTN, anxiety

135
Q

cedar / thuja:

A

diuretic
incontinence, enuresis, GU catarrh
CI: large dose

136
Q

thyme / thymus vulgaris:

A

antimicrobial

gastroenteritis

137
Q

linden / tilea europa:

A

vasodilator, nervine

anxiety, restlessness, migraine, HTN

138
Q

tribulus terrestris:

A

sex hormone enhancer

infertility, CAD

139
Q

red clover / trifolium pratense:

A

phytoestrogen

hyper/hypoestrogenism, menopause

140
Q

colt’s foot / tussilago:

A

relaxing expectorant
dry cough, sinusitis
advFX: hepatic failure, HVOD

141
Q

slippery elm / ulmus fulva:

A

demulcent

GI inflammation, lower UTI, sore throat

142
Q

nettle / urtica dioica:

A

diuretic, nephro-protective, prostatic tonic

OA, RA, lower UTI, BPH

143
Q

old man’s beard / usnea:

A

antimicrobial

infx

144
Q

blueberry / vaccinium myrtillus:

A

vision, veins, UTI
diabetic retinopathy, diarrhea, constipation,
DM (leaf)

145
Q

valeriana:

A

hypnotic
insomnia, anxiety
interxn: sedatives

146
Q

veratrum album:

A

HTN

CI: extremely toxic

147
Q

mullein / verbascum thapsus:

A

demulcent, anti-tussive

AOM, otitis externa, any cough

148
Q

blue vervain / verbena:

149
Q

cramp bark / viburnum:

A

spasmolytic

dysmenorrhea, PMS, smooth muscle spasm

150
Q

periwinkle / vinca major/minor:

A

hypotensive

menorrhagia, metrorrhagia, severe HTN

151
Q

mistletoe / viscum:

A

hypotensive, anti-tumor

CA, HTN

152
Q

chaste tree / vitex:

A

pituitary balance, uterine tonic

dysmenorrhea, PMS, hyperprolactinemia, hypoprogesteronism

153
Q

ashwaganda / withania somnifera:

A

adaptogen, immune modulator
chronic stress, nervous exhaustion, anxiety
interxn: corticosteroids

154
Q

ginger / zingiber:

A

digestive stimulant, carminative, anti-emetic, anti-inflammatory
motion sickness, inflammation, maldigestion

155
Q

yarrow / achillea:

A

hemostatic, bitter
passive hemorrhage, poor digestion
CI: large dose, pregnancy

156
Q

onion, garlic / allium:

A

anti-atherosclerotic

hypercoagulation, atherosclerosis, dyslipidemia

157
Q

aloe vera latex:

A

cathartic
atonic constipation
interxn: diuretics, corticosteroids, glycyrrhiza

158
Q

marshmallow / althea:

A

demulcent

root: GI - gastritis, ulcer, IBS
leaves: respiratory, GU - pharyngitis, cough, IC, UTI

159
Q

dong quai / angelica sinensis:

A

uterine tonic
amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea
CI: menorrhagia

160
Q

burdock / arctium lappa:

A

alterative, bitter, hepatoprotective

skin conditions, poor digestion

161
Q

bearberry / uva ursi:

A

urinary antiseptic and sedative

alkaline UTI

162
Q

arnica:

A

vulnerably
bruises
CI: internal use

163
Q

CI with diuretics, corticosteroids, and glycyrrhiza:

A 
senna
convallaria
digitalis
equisetum
rhamnus
ricinus (castor)
rumex crispus
aloe latex
164
Q

Which interact with corticosteroids?

A 
echinacea
eleutherococcus senticosus
ganoderma 
ligustrum lucidum
panax ginseng
withania
165
Q

Which botanicals interact with sedatives?

A 
May potentiate:
* bacopa
* chamomila
* scutellaria bai
* valariana
Antagonize:
* camellia
166
Q

Botanicals that induce CYP450:

A

bacopa

hypericum

167
Q

Botanical that inhibit CYP450:

A

larrea

rhodiola

168
Q

CI in pregnancy:

A 
achillea
aconite
actea racemosa (1st trimester)
artemisia spp
capsicum
juniperus
mahonia (late)
169
Q

CI in lactation:

A

aconite
artemisia spp
actea racemosa (lg doses)

170
Q

CI in large doses:

A 
achillea
artemisia absinthum
belladonna
hyoscyamus
salvia
tanacetum
thuja
171
Q

Can cause HVOD / hepatic failure:

A

cineraria
eupatorium spp
symphytum
tussilago

172
Q

CI due to bitter stimulation:

A 
arctium
berberis spp
cynara
gentiana
harpagophytum
humulus
hydrastis
taraxacum
173
Q

CI in schizophrenia:

A

cannabis

yohimbe

174
Q

CI in menorrhagia:

A

angelica sinensis (dong quai)

175
Q

CI for internal use:

A 
arnica
bryony
cineraria
podophyllum
veratrum album
176
Q

Reduces iron absorption:

A

camellia sinensis

177
Q

Antagonizes anticoagulants:

A

ceanothus americanus

178
Q

AdvFX: Yellow-green halo

A

convallaria

digitalis

179
Q

Interacts with TCAs (amitriptyline):

A

belladonna
datura
hyoscyamus

NPLEX 2 (5 decks)

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